disorders of acid base balence

Question 1

name 5 causes of metabolic acidosis increased acid load

Answer 1

lactic acid, ketoacidosis, renal failure, hyperalimantry nutrituon, drugs/toxins ( cyanide)

Question 2

what causes…

1) lactic acid
2) ketoacidosis
3) renal failure

Answer 2

1) heart failure, drugs, toxins
2) diabetes, starvation, to much alcohol
3) to much urate

Question 3

what can cause acidosis by decreased acid excretion

Answer 3

renal failure, hypoaldosteronism, type 1 RTA

Question 4

two ways metabolic acidosis can be caused but with a normal anion gap

Answer 4

decreased bicarb load - diarrhoea and fistulae of panc/bilary tree. cholestyramine
increased bicarb load - type 2 RTA , acetazolamide

Question 5

causes of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 5

inceased bicarb load - alkaline drugs, ketoanions -> bicarb, blood transfusion
decreased bicarb out - vomiting, diuretics (less k), hyperaldosterone

Question 6

causes of respiratory acidosis

Answer 6

hypoventilation
obstruction - asthma COPD
neuromuscular - myastenia gravis, asl
resp depression drugs

Question 7

causes of resp alkalosis

Answer 7

hyperventilation by…

anxiety, altitude, pregnancy, stroke, meningitis