kidney failure

Question 1

cause of damage to the glomerulus

Answer 1

a lot of proteins lost in urine

Question 2

cause of tubular necrosis?

Answer 2

under perfused or low o2 conc to tubules

Question 3

name 4 fuctions of the kidneys

Answer 3

excretion of nitrogenous waste
salt, iron, water homeostasis
secretion of erythroprotein
secretion of renin

Question 4

what can cause acute renal failure

Answer 4

failure of blood to perfuse to the nephron - acute tubular necrosis
acute destruction of part of the nephron - e.g. bac infection

Question 5

signs and symptoms f renal failure

Answer 5

anuria,
electrolyte balance (hyperkalaemia =dysarrhythmia and metabolic acidosis)
high blood urea and creatining

Question 6

effects of acute tubular necrosis

Answer 6

kidneys look pale,
PCT cells hae high 02 demand
tubular cells die so no pumping of ions salt water
kidney swells because little reabsorbed

Question 7

symptoms of chronic renal failure

Answer 7

lowe GFT
polyuria
malaise and lethargy (maybe as anaemia)
high uraemia - confusion and maybe coma
electrolyte imbalance

Question 8

what does partial renal failure lead to

Answer 8

chronic kidney disease

Question 9

outcomes of nephritic syndrome

Answer 9

damage to glomeruli,
oliguria( low output)
unaemia and hypertension
oedema

Question 10

how does disease cause nephritic syndrome

Answer 10

blockage of glomeruli capillary lamina

1. immune complexes deposited
2. destroy basement membrane -haemuria
3. capillary epithelia over proliferates causing a blockage of glomerula capillary lumen

Question 11

outcome of nephritic failure

Answer 11

kidney cant retain proteins
albumenuria
hypoalbumenaemia ( blood conc albumin falls, oedema and RAAS water retention and futher oedema)
oedema

Question 12

diabetic glomerula disease and membranous nephropathy?

Answer 12

immune complex deposited and thicken basement membrane

mesangium obliterates capillary lumen