Respiratory Failure Flashcards
Define respiratory failure
PaO2 6.7 KPa
Name the 4 signs of respiratory failure
increased sympathetic tone (^BP, ^HR, sweating)
end organ hypoxia (confusion, vBP, vHR)
decreased hb saturation
resp compensation (^RR, nasal flaring)
How would you investigate this
full blood count chest xray urea and electrolytes arterial blood gas physical exam
3 places respiration can fail
transport to the tissues, transport 02 across alveoli, removal C02
Name the 2 types of resp failure
Hypoxaemic (Type 1)
Hypercapnic (type 2)
Describe the V/Q
Ventilation / perfusion
Which VQ mismatch is the most serious
Low V Q - low ventilation but high perfusion
What is a shunt
hypoxaemia despite 100% 02. oxygenated blood mixes with deoxygenated blood that bypassed the alveoli
Name 3 diseases that causes a shunt
pneumonia
lung collapse
pulmonary oedema
name 3 mechanics of lung failure
vq mismatch, shunting, poor diffusion
When is resp failure type 1 common
nearly all resp diseases ( which involve fluid filling or collapsing aveolar) - most common resp failure
What is emphysema
dilation of the airspace distal to the terminal bronchiole
Define chronic bronchitis and causes
excessuve mucus causing a chronic cough. caused by hyperplasia of mucus glands .
What can chronic bronchitis predispose you to
pneumina and bronchitis
