disorders of the digestive system 2

Question 1

structure of GI system. extends from the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve

Answer 1

small intestine

Question 2

structure of GI system. part of small intestine that absorbs iron

Answer 2

duodenum

Question 3

structure of GI system. part of small intestine that absorbs most of everything

Answer 3

jejunum

Question 4

structure of GI system. part of small intestine that absorbs bile salts, B12, water, electrolytes

Answer 4

ileum

Question 5

2 functions of small intestine

Answer 5

digestion and absorption

Question 6

columnar epithelial cells making up the surface of the small intestine

Answer 6

villi

Question 7

structure of small intestine that increases surface area

Answer 7

microvilli

Question 8

structure of GI system. extends from the ileocecal valve to the anus

Answer 8

large intestine

Question 9

structure of GI system. responsible for absorption, storage, elimination

Answer 9

large intestine

Question 10

structure of GI system. surface consists of columnar epithelial cells, goblet cells, scattered lyphocytes, lymphatic nodules

Answer 10

large intestine

Question 11

alteration in bowel activity. increase in intestinal mobility

Answer 11

diarrhea

Question 12

alteration in bowel activity. characterized by excessively frequent bowel movements with high fluid content

Answer 12

diarrhea

Question 13

virus, bacteria, food poisoning, contaminated water, animal contact, food sensitivity, and drugs are all possible causes of what alteration in bowel activity.

Answer 13

diarrhea

Question 14

what is a common complication of diarrhea

Answer 14

dehydration

Question 15

alteration in bowel activity. decrease in intestinal mobility

Answer 15

constipation

Question 16

alteration in bowel activity. characterized by hard lumpy stools, straining, fewer than 3 bowel movements per week

Answer 16

constipation

Question 17

2 complications of constipation

Answer 17

fecal impaction, obstruction

Question 18

alteration in bowel activity. spastic, irritable, nervous colon

Answer 18

irritable bowel syndrome

Question 19

alteration in bowel activity. a long term or recurrent disorder of gastrointestinal functioning

Answer 19

IBS

Question 20

alteration in bowel activity. usually involves both small and large intestines

Answer 20

IBS

Question 21

alteration in bowel activity. features disturbances of intestinal/bowel motility and sensation

Answer 21

IBS

Question 22

alteration in bowel activity. no apparent cause, correlated to people with inherited increased sensitivity to GI motility, and to many other common factors

Answer 22

IBS

Question 23

small bowel is hyper-reactive to food, excess mucous production, fecal microflora differences, hypersensitivity to intraluminal pressure, heightened perception to pain of intestinal gas, and food intolerance are all the pathophysiology of what alteration in bowel activity.

Answer 23

IBS

Question 24

headache, fatigue, depression/anxiety, dibromyalgia, jaw tension, dyspepsia, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, sexual dysfunction, and pain are signs and symptoms of what alteration in bowel activity.

Answer 24

IBS

Question 25

idiopathic disease of the GI system, come in 2 major types

Answer 25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Question 26

type of inflammatory bowel disease. can involve any segment of the GI tract from the mouth to the anus

Answer 26

crohn's disease

Question 27

type of inflammatory bowel disease. primarily affects the colon

Answer 27

ulcerative colitis

Question 28

an inflammation of the mucosal lining of the intestinal tract

Answer 28

IBD

Question 29

type of inflammatory bowel disease. idiopathic, inflammatory, chronic, progressive

Answer 29

crohn's disease

Question 30

type of inflammatory bowel disease. inflammation extends all the way through the intestinal wall from mucosa to serosa

Answer 30

crohn's disease

Question 31

type of inflammatory bowel disease. a relapsing and remitting disease, has the potential to progress extensively from small segments of the GI tract

Answer 31

crohn's disease

Question 32

type of inflammatory bowel disease. usually appears early in life, average age at diagnosis is 27

Answer 32

crohn's disease

Question 33

manifestation of crohn's disease. affects half of patients with ileitis

Answer 33

stenosing

Question 34

manifestation of crohn's disease. develops muscle hypertrophy followed by collagen/scar deposition

Answer 34

stenosing

Question 35

manifestation of crohn's disease. affects 30% of patients, remains localized to the mucosa and submucosa

Answer 35

inflammatory

Question 36

manifestation of crohn's disease. diarrhea and pain resulting from acute partial obstruction

Answer 36

inflammatory

Question 37

manifestation of crohn's disease. affects 20% of patients with ileitis

Answer 37

fistulizing

Question 38

manifestation of crohn's disease. inflammation leads to formation of intra-abdominal fistulae fromt he disease bowel wall to another bowel loop or nearby organ

Answer 38

fistulizing

Question 39

type of inflammatory bowel disease. idiopathic inflamatory bowel disease. affects the colonic mucosa

Answer 39

ulcerative colitis

Question 40

type of inflammatory bowel disease. clinically characterized by diarrhea, abdominal pain, hematochezia (fresh blood with stools)

Answer 40

ulcerative colitis

Question 41

type of inflammatory bowel disease. may involve only the rectum, the left side of the colon to the splenic flexure, or the entire colon

Answer 41

ulcerative colitis

Question 42

type of inflammatory bowel disease. variable severity, carcinoma may develop

Answer 42

ulcerative colitis

Question 43

acute, inflammatory bowel disorder associated with prolonged use of antibiotics

Answer 43

pseudomembranous enterocolitis

Question 44

infection resulting fromt he inflammatory reaction of the bowel wall to irritants produced by c. difficile bacteria

Answer 44

clostridum difficile infection

Question 45

a condition of the large intestine featuring the development of multiple, small diverticula through the muscular wall of the mucosa

Answer 45

diverticulitis

Question 46

most affected area of diverticulitis

Answer 46

sigmoid colon

Question 47

increased intraluminal pressure, decrease in physical activity, poor bowel habits, aging, and low fibre diet are causes of what type of inflammatory bowel disease.

Answer 47

diverticulitis

Question 48

inflammation of the vermiform appendix

Answer 48

appendicitis

Question 49

obstruction of the lumen by a fecalith and tissue twisting are causes of what type of inflammatory bowel disease.

Answer 49

appendicitis

Question 50

accute inflammation of the visceral and parietal peritoneum

Answer 50

peritonitis

Question 51

serosal membranes that line the abdominal cavity and the organs contained within

Answer 51

peritoneum

Question 52

the largest and most complex serous membrane in the body

Answer 52

peritoneum

Question 53

cause of primary peritonitis

Answer 53

spread of infection from blood and lymph

Question 54

3 causes of secondary peritonitis

Answer 54

structure perforation, pelvic inflammatory disease, penetrating wounds

Question 55

a disruption of normal absorption of nutrients across the GI tract

Answer 55

intestinal malapsorption

Question 56

an autoimmune disorder that results in damage tot he lining of the small intestine

Answer 56

celiac disease

Question 57

disease triggered by ingestion of grains that contain gluten

Answer 57

celiac disease

Question 58

clinical term for a "polyp" protruding into the intestinal lumen

Answer 58

benign neoplasm

Question 59

polyps with a stalk

Answer 59

pedunculated

Question 60

polyps without a stalk

Answer 60

sessile

Question 61

which polyps are more concerning due to the migration route if cancerous into the submucosa is more direct

Answer 61

sessile

Question 62

term for benign tumour

Answer 62

adenoma

Question 63

type of polyp that makes up 2/3 of all polyps

Answer 63

adenomatous-type polyps

Question 64

type of adenoma. most common of the 3 types and can be found anywhere in the colon

Answer 64

tubular/pedunculated

Question 65

type of adenoma. most common in rectum, larger than the other two types. cauliflower-like

Answer 65

villous/sessile

Question 66

type of adenoma. exhibit characteristics of both pedunculated and sessile. intermediate risk of cancer

Answer 66

tubulovillous

Question 67

small polyp type that may cause bleeding

Answer 67

hyperplastic-type polyps

Question 68

hereditary conditions with high risk of malignancy. colonic polyps occur as aprt of the inherited polyposis syndromes

Answer 68

adenomatous polyposis syndromes

Question 69

most common adenomatous polyposis syndrome. characterized by the early onset of hundreds to thousands of adenomatous polyps throughout the colon or rectum

Answer 69

familia adenomatous polyposis