valvular heart disease and edema Flashcards
(25 cards)
disease characterized by damage or a defect in one of the four heart valves
valvular heart disease
valve conditions lead to what
increased workload of the heart
turbulent blood flow within or between heart chambers, almost always denoting valve dysfunction
heart murmur
a non-specific term meaning that a valve is not functioning properly
valvular incompetence
a non-specific term meaning a valve is unable to close properly, resulting in back flow
valvular regurgitation/insufficiency
the inability of the valve to open properly, resulting in reduced volume of blood exiting the chamber and considerable pressure in the exit chamber
valvular stenosis
term for valves bulging upward, which can cause back flow of blood, only occurs in the mitral valve
valvular prolapse
6 most common causes of valvular heart disease
hypertension/chronic congestive heart failure, complications of myocardial infarction, rheumatic fever, endocarditis, congenital abnormality, radiation therapy for cancer
an autoimmune reaction secondary to infection by streptococcus bacteria
rheumatic fever
signs and symptoms of valvular heart disease
fatigue, leading to breathlessness and dyspnea
two valve flaps of the mitral valve do not close smoothly or evenly, but instead bulge upward into the left atrium
mitral valve prolapse
the most common cause of mitral valve prolapse
abnormally stretchy valve leaflets and their supporting chordae tendinae
a connective tissue disorder that affects the elastic fibres in the extracellular matrix
marfan’s syndrome
condition that presents with long limbs, joint hypermobility, spinal deformities, pectus excavatum (pigeon chest), bilateral dislocation of the lens of the eyes, mitral valve prolapse, progressive dilation of the aortic valve ring, weakness of the arteries
marfan’s syndrome
an increase in the amount of fluid in the interstitial space either beneath the skin or in an organ cavity
edema
name for full body edema
anasarca
type of edema: excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity
ascites
type of edema: excess fluid in the pleural space/cavity
hydrothorax/pleural effusion
type of edema: fluid accumulation in the tissue and air spaces of the lungs. a feature of congestive heart failure
pulmonary edema
type of edema: excess fluid in the pericardial space
pericardial effusion
type of edema: usually of the exin of the extremity, that when firmly pressed with a finger will maintain the depression it produces. chronically turns into trophedema
pitting edema
type of edema: causes peripheral sensitization, altered motor control, and proprioceptive changes
trophedema
type of edema: no indentation in the skin left after pressure, can be caused by lymphedema as well as myxedema and lipedema
non-pitting edema
type of edema: in part of the body lower than the heart
dependent edema
