pathology of the integumentary system Flashcards
1
Q
the interface between the body’s external and internal environment
A
skin
2
Q
traumatic or pathologic loss of normal tissue continuity, structure or function
A
lesion
3
Q
lesion: small flat circumscribed lesion of a different colour than the normal skin
A
macule
4
Q
lesion: small, firm, elevated lesion
A
papule
5
Q
lesion: elevated lesion larger than a papule
A
nodule
6
Q
lesion: elevated, erythematous lesion that usually contains contains purulent exudate (pus)
A
pustule
7
Q
lesion: elevated, thin walled lesion containing clear fluid
A
vesicle
8
Q
lesion: large, slightly elevated lesion with a flat surface. often topped by scale
A
plaque
9
Q
lesion: dry, rough surface, or dried exudates, or blood
A
crust
10
Q
lesion: thick, dry, rough skin surface
A
lichenification
11
Q
lesion: raised, irregular mass of collagen resulting from excessive scar formation
A
keloid
12
Q
lesion: small, deep crack or tear in the skin
A
fissure
13
Q
lesion: cavity with loss of tissue from the epidermis and dermis, often weeping or bleeding
A
ulcer
14
Q
lesion: shallow moist cavity in the epidermis
A
erosion
15
Q
temporary eruptions of the skin
A
rash
16
Q
associated with childhood diseases, heat, irritation, allergies, or drug induced reactions
A
rash
17
Q
white rash
A
blanched
18
Q
red rash
A
erythematous
19
Q
rash containing blood
A
hemorrhagic/purpuric
20
Q
coloured rash
A
pigmented
21
Q
a vesicle of fluid filled papule (bulla)
A
blister
22
Q
a degeneration of epidermal cells, and disruptions of intercellular junctions. this causes layers of skin to separate and fluid to accumulate
A
blister
23
Q
hyperkeratotic plaque of skin due to chronic pressure or friction, leading to increased cohesion between the cells
A
callous
24
Q
small, well circumscribed, conical, keratinous thickening of the skin
A
corns
25
term for general itching, originating in free nerve endings in the skin (nociceptors)
puritis
26
dry skin caused by dehydration of the stratum corneum
xerosis
27
skin condition that may be the primary sign of a skin disorder or an underlying systemic disease
xerosis
28
skin disorders involving melanocytes
pigmentary skin disorders
29
white patches that suddenly appear on the skin
vitiligo
30
pigmentary skin disorder due to the absence, decrease, or dysfunction of melanocytes
vitiligo
31
pigmentary skin disorder: genetic disorder with complete or partial congenital absence of pigment in the skin
albinism
32
the most common form of albinism
recessively inherited oculocutaneous albinism
33
pigmentary skin disorder: characterised by darkened macules on the face
chloasma (melasma)
34
superficial fungal infection of the skin: fungus invades dead keratinized tissue
tinea (ringworm)
35
term for ringworm on the body
tinea corporis
36
term for ringworm on the face
tinea faciale
37
term for ringworm on the head
tinea capitis
38
term for ringworm on the hands
tinea manus
39
term for ringworm on the feet
tinea pedis
40
term for ringworm on the nails
tinea unguium
41
term for ringworm on the genitals
tinea cruris
42
type of bacterial infection: generally superficial
primary
43
type of bacterial infection: occur in a pre-existing lesion, and may be deeper
secondary
44
a bacterial infection of a hair follicle which spreads to the surrounding dermis
furuncles
45
bacterial infection that begins as a firm, red, painful nodule. develops into a large painful mass
furuncle
46
a collection of furuncles
carbuncles
47
a common, superficial infection caused by staph or group A hemolytic strep
impetigo
48
bacterial infection easily contracted in warm, moist climates. initially appaers as a small vesicle or pustule, or as a large bulla
impetigo
49
an ulcerative form of impetigo, caused by staph/strep
ecthyma
50
deep infection affecting the dermis and subcutaneous tissue.
cellulitis
51
viral infection. common benign papillomae caused by HPV
verrucae
52
dermatitis caused by chemicals or environmental substances that come in contact with skin, or by rubbing
irritant contact dermatitis
53
a cell mediated type IV hypersensitivity due to sensitization to an allergen
allergic contact dermatitis
54
a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction, often seen in those with a family history of asthma, hayfever, and atopic dermatitis
atopic dermatitis/eczema
55
dermatitis characterized by edematous plaques with intense itching
urticaria
56
localized or systemic eruptions of the skin. topical drugs are responsible
drug induced skin eruptions
57
a group of skin disorders characterized by scaling papules and plaques; includes psoriasis and lichen planus
papulosquamous dermatoses
58
a relatively common chronic, pruritic disease, causing inflammation and papular eruptions of the skin and mucous membrane
lichen planus
59
papulosquamous dermatitis, happens as a result of an abnormal immune response linked to Hep C infection
lichen planus
60
chronic inflammatory skin disorder caused by abnormal activation of T-cells
psoriasis
61
a disorder of the pilosebaceous unit. excess sebum production can plug up the pores of the units
acne
62
non-inflammatory lesions
comedomes
63
plugs of material that accumulate in oil glands
blackheads
64
pale, slightly elevated papules with no visible orifice
whiteheads
65
inflammatory lesions with raised areas less than 5mm in diameter
papules
66
inflammatory lesions with a central core of purulent exudate
pustules
67
inflammatory lesions more than 5mm in diameter, may be hemorrhagic
nodules
68
suppurative notules
cysts
69
type of acne. most common among adolescents and young adults
acne vulgaris
70
type acne. occurs later in life, chronic
acne congoblata
71
chronic inflammatory process that occurs in adults 40 and up, it is often confused with acne, and may occur at any time
rosacea
72
arthropod infestation caused by mites, which burrow into the epidermis
scabies
73
small insects that live off the blood of animals. lice are host specific, and host dependent
pediculosis
74
type of UV rays, very short and do not pass through the atmosphere
UVC
75
type of UV rays, responsible for nearly all of the skin effects of sunlight
UVB
76
type of UV rays, more commonly referred to as "sun tanning rays"
UVA
77
effects of ultraviolet radiation
direct skin cell damage, accelerates the effects of aging, produces changes that can lead to cancer
78
CHESS acronym for sun protection
Clothing, Hats, Eyeglasses, Sunscreens, Shade
79
an erythematous, inflammatory reaction of the skin to excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation
sunburn
80
the most common type of cancer
skin cancer
81
common, benign tumours of the skin
Nevi (moles)
82
a proliferation of melanocytes, grow in clusters along the dermal/epidermal junction
nevi (moles)
83
a form of mole that has the capacity to transform into malignant melanoma
dysplasic nevus
84
the ABCDE acronym to determin a dysplasic nevus
Asymmetry, Border, Colour, Diameter, Evolution
85
rapidly progression malignant tumour of melanocytes
malignant melanoma
86
the second most common malignant tumour of the outer dermis
squamous cell carcinoma
87
neoplasm of the non-keratinizing cells of the basal layer of the epidermis
basal cell carcinoma
88
the most common skin cancer of light skinned people
basal cell carcinoma
89
small red lesions that are noticed shortly after birth
hemangiomas of infancy
90
a vascular birth mark
port-wine stains
91
pink or red patches usually seen on the face, but can occur anywhere
port-wine stains
92
when do hemaginomas of infancy disappear
by age 7
93
thinning of epidermis and dermis, diminution of subcutaneous tissue, decrease in melanocytes, decrease/thickening of blood vessels, decrease of resistance to trauma, and longer repair times are all skin manifestations/disorders of what
aging
94
benign, soft papules. size varies from pinhead to pea, colour may be natural skin tone, or more brown
skin tags
95
horny growth of keratinocytes, may be benign or a pre-cancerous lesion
keratosis
96
a well bordered, brown to black macule, usually less than 1cm in diameter
lentigines (liver spots)
97
smooth, cherry red or purple papule, usually found on the trunk
angiomas
98
single dilated blood vessels, capillaries, or terminal arteries
telangiectases
99
small, dark blue, slightly raised papules that have a lake-like appearance. smooth and compressible
venous lakes
