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disorders of the digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

term for cold sores in the oral cavity

A

herpes stomatitis

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2
Q

term for canker sores in the oral cavity

A

apthous somatitis

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3
Q

trouble swallowing

A

dysphagia

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4
Q

inner layer that lines the GI tract

A

mucosa

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5
Q

layer of GI tract that contains blood vessels, glands, and missner’s plexus

A

submucosa

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6
Q

layer of the GI tract that contains circular & longitudinal muscle, myenteric/auerbach’s plexus, performs peristalsis

A

muscularis

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7
Q

outter connective tissue layer of the GI tract

A

serosa

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8
Q

GI tract function: movement through the GI tract

A

motility

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9
Q

GI tract function: breakdown of food/chyme

A

digestion

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10
Q

GI tract function: transfer of substances across an epithelial layer either into the GI tract or blood

A

secretion and absorbption

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11
Q

GI tract function: holding and removing digested substances

A

storage and elimination

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12
Q

the intrinsic nervous system in the GI system

A

enteric nervous system

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13
Q

what controls the digestive system

A

autonomic nerves and hormones

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14
Q

phase of gastric function: regulation by the vagus nerve, lasts around 30 minutes

A

cephalic phase

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15
Q

phase of gastric function: vagus nerve directly stimulates chief cells to secrete pepsinogen to digest proteins

A

cephalic phase

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16
Q

phase of gastric function: activation of the vagus nerve indirectly causes the parietal cells to secrete HCL

A

cephalic phase

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17
Q

phase of gastric function: stimulated by distension of the stomach, chemical nature of chyme

A

gastric phase

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18
Q

phase of gastric function: goal is to release hydrochloric acid and proteolytic enzymes into the stomach

A

gastric phase

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19
Q

phase of gastric function: stimulated by peptides, stimulates pepsinogen and acid secretion

A

gastric phase

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20
Q

phase of gastric function: causes inhibition of gastric activity due to neural reflex and hormones

A

intenstinal phase

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21
Q

phase of gastric function: stretch of the duodenum inhibits gastric motility and secretion

A

intenstinal phase

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22
Q

phase of gastric function: fat in the chyme stimulates an inhibitory hormone

A

intestinal phase

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23
Q

mix of food and acids in the stomach

A

chyme

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24
Q

chyme in the duodenum stimulates what 3 functions

A

gastric inhibition, pancreatic secretion, bile secretion

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25
what controls pancreatic juice secretion
secretin and chlolecystokinin
26
hormone stimulated by a drop in duodenal pH
secretin
27
hormone stimulated by fats and proteins in the duodenum
cholecystokinin
28
disorder of oral cavity: caused by herpes simplex type 1
herpes stomatitis
29
disorder of oral cavity: blisters form, followed by ulceration and hard palate
herpes stomatitis
30
disorder of oral cavity: virus lies dormant in the nervous system and is activated by stress, trauma, or immunosuppression
herpes stomatitis
31
disorder of oral cavity: an inflammatory spot in the oral cavity, inside the lips, cheeks, or hard palate
aphthous stomatitis
32
disorder of oral cavity: common oral mucosal lesion
aphthous stomatitis
33
disorder of oral cavity: shallow, painful ulcers usually less than 1cm in diameter
aphthous stomatitis
34
how long do canker sores usually last
7-10 days
35
the superior third of the esophagus is made of what kind of muscle
striated muscle
36
what structure is found in the superior third of the esophagus
upper esophageal sphincter
37
the distal two thirds of the esophagus is made of what kind of muscle
smooth muscle
38
what does the thoracic esophagus enter the abdomen through to become to abdominal esophagus
esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm
39
where does the upper part of the lower esophageal sphincter lie
within the diaphragmatic hiatus
40
what kind of muscle is the lower esophageal sphincter
smooth muscle
41
where does the lower section of the lower esophageal sphincter lie
intra-abdominally
42
ligament that helps to maintain the position of the lower esophageal sphincter within the abdominal cavity
phrenoesophageal ligament
43
where does the phrenoesophageal ligament arise from
the diaphragmatic crura
44
phase of swallowing: mastication process involving taste, temperature, touch, and proprioceptive senses for the formation of a bolus of the right size and consistency
oral preparatory phase
45
phase of swallowing: manipulation of the bolus toward the pharynx, triggering the pharyngeal reflex as the bolus enters the pharynx
oral transit phase
46
phase of swallowing: voluntary, controlled by the cerebral cortex. epiglottis covers the airway during swallowing
oral transit phase
47
phase of swallowing: a reflex action in which the bolus moves through the pharynx, followed by the pushing of the bolus by the pharyngeal constrictor muscles further into the pharynx, ending with the elevation of the larynx
pharyngeal phase
48
phase of swallowing: followed by the relaxation of the cricopharyngeal muscle, allowing the bolus to pass into the esophagus
pharyngeal phase
49
phase of swallowing: under the control of the brainstem and the myenteric plexus
esophageal phase
50
phase of swallowing: a pareistaltic wave beginning in the pharynx pushes the bolus sequentially from the cervical esophagus down through the lower esophageal sphincter and into the stomach
esophageal phase
51
term for painful swallowing
odynophagia
52
disease commonly known as heartburn
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
53
aka for heartburn
pyrosis
54
the backward movement of gastric contents into the lower esophagus
gastroesophageal reflux
55
most common cause of GERD
incompetence of lower esophageal sphincter
56
protrusion of a portion of the stomach through the diaphragmatic esophageal hiatus into the thoracic cavity
hiatal hernia
57
two types of hiatal hernia
sliding and rolling
58
functions of stomach
store food, initiate digestion, kill bacteria, chyme production
59
product of parietal cells
HCI and intrinsic factor
60
product of chief cells
pepsinogen
61
product of goblet cells
mucus
62
product of enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells
histamine, serotonin
63
product of D cells
somatostatin
64
product of G cells
gastrin
65
inflammation of the gastric mucosa, can involve the entire mucosa or just be regional
gastritis
66
aka for stomach lining
gastric mucosa
67
stomach disorder caused by oral-fecal or contaminated food/water routes. may cause acute or chronic gastritis
helicobacter pylori
68
transient inflammation of the gastric mucosa, often caused by an imbalance between the aggressive and defensive factors that maintain the integrity of the gastric mucosa
acute gastritis
69
what are the three pathological stages of mucosal damage
chronic inflammatory changes, atrophy of stomach lining, mucosal thinning/loss of gastric glands/intenstinal metaplasia
70
circumscribed ulceration of the mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum. penedtrates through the muscularis mucosa.
peptic ulcer
71
type of peptic ulcer: more common, generally benign, affects young people
duodenal ulcer
72
type of peptic ulcer: experienced during periods of increased stress, can go into remission or exacerbation
duodenal ulcer
73
type of peptic ulcer: affects older patients, may become malignant
gastric ulcer
74
hemorrhage, obstruction, perforation, failure to heal, and increased risk of gastric cancer are all complications of what
peptic ulcer disease

Systems (13 decks)

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