DIT Drugs and UWorld Drugs Flashcards

Question

Metoprolol, Atenolol, Esmolol, Nebivolol

Answer 1

Selective B1 | (N)ebivolol - (N)O action, vasodilation of the periphery

Answer 2

Weak B1B2 agonists (so weak = blockers) | treat patients with HTN + bradycardia

Answer 3

A1/B1 blockers | tx: HTN + tachycardia

Answer 4

HTN, CHF?, angina, MI, coronary artery disease, hyperthyroidism, thyroid storm, migraine prophylaxis, anxiety, SVT, glaucoma (vs aqueous humor), * *Tx Aortic Dissection (dec HTN and BP pulse) * don't give to CHF exacerbation patients * don't give for cocaine OD pts

Answer 5

Bronchospasm - asthma/COPD Block hypoglycemic Sx - DM Increase BP - cocaine user Decrease myocardial contractility, AV block, bradycardia - CHF abrupt stop: rebound tachycardia, rebound HTN, arrhythmia *does not cause ED

Answer 6

tx: pregnancy induced HTN

Answer 7

Inhibit choline into pre-synapse for Ach

Answer 8

Inhibit choline acetyltransferase / packaging

Answer 9

causes Ach release - spastic paralysis

Answer 10

inhibits Ach release - flaccid paralysis (top down)

Answer 11

Inhibits Tyrosine hydroxylase

Answer 12

Blocks NE release

Answer 13

causes NE release

Answer 14

inhibit NE reuptake | ex: Amitriptyline (TCA)

Answer 15

causes NE release via presynaptic R

Answer 16

inhibits NE release via presynaptic R

Answer 17

inhibits NE packaging

Answer 18

tx: idiopathic intracranial hypertension, glaucoma, altitude sickness

Answer 19

Inhibits - Alcohol dehydrogenase Cure for methanol and ethylene glycol poisioning Methanol is converted to formaldehyde (metabolic acidosis, retinal damage, blindness) Ethylene glycol -> oxalic acid (metabolic acidosis, *kidney dmg due to oxalate stones*, CNS, heart, lung)

Answer 20

inhibits - acetylaldehyde dehydrogenase | Stop alcoholics from drinking (hypotension, flush, sweat, headache, n/v)

Answer 21

``` metronidazole some cephalosporins sulfonureals procarbazine (CA drug to treat HL) **avoid alcohol while taking ```

Answer 22

Guiness, Corona, PRBrs induce Chronic alcoholism

Answer 23

CRACK AMIGOS

Answer 24

NaCO3 -> traps acidic drug (as proton) in urine | ex: salicylates) (ex: ASA - a weak acid

Answer 25

NH4Cl -> traps basic drug (as proton) in urine | ex: amphetamines - a weak base

Answer 26

Treat PDA (blocks PG synthesis)

Answer 27

``` "No Bad Boy KeepsClean" C1 = Na blockers mnemonic C2 = B-blockers "-olol" C3 = K blockers *other* C4 = Ca channel blockers "only 2 D/V" ```

Answer 28

"Double Quarter Pounder, Mayo, Lettuce, Tomato, Fries, Please myocytes, Phase 0, inc EPR and inc QT interval 1A: disopyramide, quinidine (SFx cinchonism, thrombocytopenia, torsades), procainamide (WPW, SFx SHIPP) 1B: mexiletine, tocainide, lidocaine (tx: acute VTach, digitalis arrhythmias, tachys-post MI) 1C: flecainide, propafenone (tx: VTach going to AFib, SFx: pro-arrhythmogenic)

Answer 29

"-olol" mech: dec cAMP, dec calcium currents pacemaker cells, decrease phase 4 slope propranolol, esmolol, metoprolol, atenolol, timolol Tx: VTach, SVT, A-fib/A-flutter SFx: exac CHF/asthma, bradycardia, AV block, mask hypoglycemia Tx OD -olol = glycogen

Answer 30

phase 3, inc ERP, in QT interval sotalol, ibutilide, bretylium, dofetilide, amiodarone Tx: rhythmic control w/ AFib SFx: Torsades Amiodarone SFx: "check PFTs (pulm fibrosis), LFTs (hepatotoxicity), TFTs (drug is 40% iodine), sight (SAT for photo), CV

Answer 31

pacemaker cells, phase 0, inc ERP 2 types CCB: (not here = dihydropyridine) here: non-dihydropyridine (heart) verapamil, diltiazem SFx: flushing, edema, CV: sinus node depression, ablocks, HF, torsades **be careful mixing with giving to HF pts -> H block**

Answer 32

increase K efflux (keep baseline/hyperpolarize) Tx: SVT SFx/toxic: flushing, hypotension, chest pain toxic tx: theophylline (3rd line asthma tx)

Answer 33

optimize K (4), Mg (2-nrm lvl) (Mg also for torsades)

Answer 34

inhibits dihydrofolate reductase Tx: Cancers: leukemias (ALL), lymphomas, choriocarcinoma, sarcomas. Non-neoplastic: ectopic pregnancy, medical abortion (with misoprostol), rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, IBD, vasculitis. SFx: Myelosuppression, which is reversible with leucovorin “rescue.” Hepatotoxicity. Mucositis (eg, mouth ulcers). Pulmonary fibrosis.

Answer 35

``` macrolides, chloroquine haloperidol, risperidone methadone -navirs (anti-protease HIV) antiarrhythmics: Class 1A, Class 3 ```

Answer 36

acetaminophen OD mucolytic (intubated pts) prevent contrast neuropathy

Answer 37

``` "-chol" bethenachol - urinary retention carbachol - glaucoma pilocarpine - sweat, tear, saliva methacholine - asthma Dx test bc causes bronchospasm ```

Answer 38

"-stigmine" neogstigmine - postop, urinary retention edrophonium - myasthenia gravis Dx test (auto-Ab) pyridostigmine - LT MG tx physostigmine - antichol or atropine toxicity echothiophate - glaucoma donepezil - AD

Answer 39

"Grandma Can't Remember" | galatamine, donepezil, rivastigmine

Answer 40

atropine - bradycardia, organophosphate poisoning tropicamide "topical" - pupil dilation/mydriasis benztropine - PD, decrease anti-psych SFx glycopyrrolate - dec mucosal secretions (anesthesia) hyoscyamine, dicyclome - "help digest", antispasmotics vs IBS scopolamine - motion sickness, dec secretions ipratropium, triotropium - bronchodilators "triumph" = bronchod"i"la"t"or *psych drugs have anticholinergic effects (benadry, TCA) + amandadine

Answer 41

parlidoxine

Answer 42

``` "Off The Darn Toilet Seat" oxybutynin tolterodine darifenacin trospium solifenacin ```

Answer 43

tx - bradycardia, organophosphate poisoning * don't give to BPH, hyperthermic, GI obstruction, Eldery * *never acute angle glaucoma

Answer 44

calcineurin inhibitors inhibits secretion of IL-2 and other cytokines result: blocks T-cell activation and B-cell differentiation

Answer 45

hyperkeratosis

Answer 46

isotretinonin, spironolactone, OCPs

Answer 47

abx - "mycin" "cyclin", benzoylperoxide

Answer 48

synthetic androgen - neg feedback to AP and hypothal, dec FSH and LH tx - endometriosis, fibrocystic breast Dz, hereditary angioedema Sfx - masculine effects

Answer 49

mech: GnRH analog - continued use (non-pulsatile) causes neg feedback AP = dec FSH, LH tx: leiomyomas, endometriosis, central precocious puberty, advanced prostate CA, infertility

Answer 50

tocayltic, asthma, secretions destroy | selective B2 agonist - also found in uterus, causes muscle to relax

Answer 51

Progestin R antagonist, Glucocorticoid antagonist abortion -necrosis of the uterine decidua give with misoprostol MTX - used for abortion of ectopic pregnancy - folic acid antagonist

Answer 52

prostaglandin E1 agonist causes cervical softening and uterine contractions (early - abortion, late - induce labor)

Answer 53

SERM Estrogen R antagonist - breast tissue agoinst - endometrial tissue (CA risk)

Answer 54

SERM estrogen antagonist - breast (*no risk endometrial CA) agonist at bone (vs osteoporosis)

Answer 55

see eczema on areola | HISTO - dark nuclei with perinuclear clearing "halo"

Answer 56

ER + PR + signet ring cells, cells line up in single lines inactivation of e-cadherin genes

Answer 57

immobile, firm, hard | HISTO: "stellate" star-like border tumor

Answer 58

eventually malignant/met | includes paget dz of breast

Answer 59

signet ring cells ER+ PR+ DONT HAVE TO TAKE OUT - low malignancy

Answer 60

"leaf-like" HISTO | large, bulky

Answer 61

block mast cell degranulation

Answer 62

granulocyte stimulating factors

Answer 63

tx: genitar warts, hep b and c, kaposisarcoma, hairy cell leukemia, melanoma

Answer 64

chronic granulomatis Dz | stimulate macrophages to make NADPH oxidase

Answer 65

``` binds cyclophilins in cytosol of T cells complex inhibits calcineurin -> no IL 2 Result: Blocks T-cell activation Tx - AI Ds (psoriasis, RA) Sfx - nephrotoxicity ```

Answer 66

mech: bind FK binding prs -> dec calcineuria -> dec IL2 | Sfx - hepatotoxicity

Answer 67

precursor 6-mercaptopurine mech - interfere with synth of nucleic acids Tx -txx, RA, AI dz Sfx - metabolized by xanthine oxidase (don't give to allopurinol pts), BM suppression

Answer 68

bind TNF a tx: seronegative spondylosying arthropathires PAIR

Answer 69

vs TNF a receptor

Answer 70

bind CD20 on b cells, lyse them | tx - NHL (most b cell)

Answer 71

vs IgE | tx - severe asthma pts

Answer 72

vs IIbIIIa R on platelets | tx - angioplasty, stent, MI

Answer 73

vs ERBB2 (HER2/neu) breast CA

Answer 74

binds FK binding pr-12 -> inhibits mTOR blocks T cell response to IL 2 Sfx - NO nephrotoxicity

Answer 75

inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase -> inhibits guanine synthesis -> prev lymphocyte proliferation tx - txx, SLE sfx - teratogenic, HTN, high sugar, lymphoma

Answer 76

mech - suppress TNF a production, increases NK and IL2 --NK kills cells tx - Hansen dz, multiple myeloma sfx: phocomelia - teratogent

Answer 77

Steve Jobs made APPLE PCs ``` Allopurinol Penicillin Phenytoin Lamotrigine Ethosuximide ``` Phenobarbital Carbamazepine

Answer 78

``` "Phenytoin Has Given MDs Frustration" Hirisitism Gingival hyperplasia Megaloblastic anemia SJS Fetal hydentoin syndrome ``` +SHIPP

Answer 79

``` "C's" carbamazepine clozapine colchicine PTU miconazole ```

Answer 80

valproic acid | carbamazepine

Answer 81

``` phenytoin carbamazepine lamotrigine topirimate valproic ```

Answer 82

"barbital" valproic acid benzodiazepine gabapentin

Answer 83

gabapentin ethosuximide phenytoin

Answer 84

Levadopa - cross BBB, precursor DA Sfx - DA in periphery (HTN, hallucinations) Carbidopa - stops peripheral conversion Levadopa

Answer 85

bromocriptine - inc DA and BP Amantadine - enhance edogenous DA (& dec tremor) Levodopa/Carbidopa Selegiline - vs COMT/MAOB **treat MPTP exposure antimuscarinic (bc PD has inc Ach) - benztropine/trihexyphenidyl

Answer 86

blocks RYR no Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic ret. Tx - malignant hyperthermia (+succinyl choline)

Answer 87

``` melatonin antihistamines antidepressents benzos zolpidem, zalepon - sfx - sleep walk eszopiclone - sleep maintenance ramelteon orexin R antagonists - block RAS ```

Answer 88

suppress REM | fluoxetine, venlafaxine, atomoxetine

Answer 89

awake - open eyes = alpha, closed eyes = beta N1 = theta N2 = sleep spindles, k complexes N3 = delta waves (sleep walk, night terrors, bed wet) -decrease with benzos/alcohol REM = beta waves, REM bc PPRF old: dec N3, dec REM, inc REM latency depressed: dec N3, inc REM, dec REM latency

Answer 90

**check iron levels!!! | pramiprexole, porimvole

Answer 91

lipid soluble - increase = cross BBB = inc potency blood soluble - dec = inc potency Minimum alveolar concentration - MAC -amt to get 50% pain response NO: Low blood, low blood (rapid) Halothane: hepatotoxicity Sevoflurane, desflurane: low blood, high lipid #1 used Isoflurane: mod blood, mod soluble

Answer 92

= sedation hypnotics, NO ANALGESIA Propofol -inc GABA, fast, high triglyceride content Ketamine - dissociative anesthetic, hallucinations, increase cerebral blood flow Barbiturates -"tol" "ital" "don't want to the bars to close early, less lines (CSF)" work on GABA, Cl- channels =inc duration open decreases cerebral BF (brain Sxx - Thiopental) -phenobarbital = inc liver enzyme tx Crigler-Najjar ``` Benzodiazepines "azalam" "azapram" inc frq Cl- channels open midazolam - short procedures, conscious sedation chloridazopoxide - tx alcoholism *safe than Barbs Tx OD - flumazenil ``` Opioids - analgesia mu - beta endorphin delta - encephalin kappa - dynorphin 1 - non-depolarizing competitive inhibitors nicotinic Ach Receptors, can reverse with ChE inhibitor "curium" "curonium" "curarine" 2 - Depolarizing (binds Ach R, initial muscle but none after) *succinylcholine phase 1 - rapid onset/recovery, no reversal phase 2 - large dose, can be reversed **succinylcholine + inhaled anesthetic in RYR1 MT pt = malignant hyperthermia == TX with Dantrolene! SFx succinylchole: Brady or tachycardia malignant hyperthermia severe hyperkalemia

Answer 93

block Na+ channels lidocaine 1 - worse with acid/inf 2 - small myelinated (sensory) > small unmyelinated (SNS) > large myelinated (motor) *size most important factor 3 - give with local vasoconstrictor (Epi) -dec blood out, dec blood take away (*not at closed areas*)

Answer 94

bromocriptine - ergot derivative, inc DA and BP sooo, give... nonergot derivatives pramipexole and ropinirole

Answer 95

isosorbid dinitrate tx - sx relief angina sfx - headaches, cutaneous flushing, hypotension DONT Give To: HCM, RVentricular infarct, PDE inhibs

Answer 96

Bonsentan (-sentan), PG - prost sildenafil nifedipine (smooth muscle relaxor bc gene MT GMBRT MT proliferation of smooth muscle)

Answer 97

=methylxanthine like caffeine Sfx - seizures and tachyarrythmias antidote - charcoal, BB (arrhythmias), Benzodiazepines for seizures

Answer 98

NO - reduce preload ACEI/ARB - reduce afterload BB - dec heart contractility

Answer 99

1 - direct inhibitor Na/K ATPase -> dec Na/Ca exchanger 2 - Inc intracellular Ca -> positive inotropy 3 - Stimulates vagus nerve -> dec HR Used for VFib bc it decrease AV nodal conduction

DIT Drugs and UWorld Drugs Flashcards

(124 cards)