First Aid - Key Associations Flashcards
(133 cards)
1
Q
Actinic (solar) keratosis
A
Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
2
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
A
Cushing ulcer (increased intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric H+ secretion)
3
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
A
Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
4
Q
Age ranges for patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
A
ALL: child, CLL: adult >60, AML: adult ~65, CML: adult 45-85
5
Q
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
A
Skip lesions (Crohn disease)
6
Q
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal
A
Altherosclerosis
7
Q
Aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch
A
Tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis, vasa vasorum destruction
8
Q
Aortic aneurysm, thoracic
A
Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
9
Q
Aortic dissection
A
Hypertension
10
Q
Atrophy of mammillary bodies
A
Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion
11
Q
autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
A
Sickle cell disease (hemoglobin S)
12
Q
Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric malignancies (eg, adenocarcinoma, MALToma)
A
H pylori
13
Q
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
A
S pneumoniae
14
Q
Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)
A
Group B streptococcus/E coli (newborns), S pneumoniae/N meningitidis (kids/teens)
15
Q
Bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma
A
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)
16
Q
Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
A
Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)
17
Q
Brain tumor (adults)
A
Supratentorial: metastasis, astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme), meningioma, schwannoma
18
Q
Brain tumor (kids)
A
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma
19
Q
Breast cancer
A
Invasive ductal carcinoma
20
Q
Breast mass
A
Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)
21
Q
Breast tumor (benign , young woman)
A
Fibroadenoma
22
Q
Cardiac primary tumor (kids)
A
Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
23
Q
Cardiac manifestation of lupus
A
Marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (nonbacterial)
24
Q
Cardiac tumor (adults)
A
Metastasis, myxoma (90% in left atrium; “ball and valve”)
25
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Chiari II malformation
26
Chronic arrhythmia
Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
27
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
28
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
29
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
30
Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
31
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
32
Constrictive pericarditis
TB (developing world); idiopathic, viral illness (developed world)
33
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD>RCA>circumflex
34
Cretinism
Iodine deficit/congenital hypothyroidism
35
Cushing syndrome
- Iatrogenic (from corticosteroid therapy)
- Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
- ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease)
- Paraneoplastic (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
36
Cyanosis (early; less common)
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
37
Death in CML
Blast crisis
38
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
39
Dementia
Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts (vascular dementia)
40
Demyelinating disease in young women
Multiple sclerosis
41
DIC
Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery, acute pancreatitis, APL
42
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
43
Ejection click
Aortic stenosis
44
Esophageal cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US)
45
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
S aureus, B cereus
46
Gastric cancer
Adenocarcinoma
47
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
48
Gynecologic malignancy
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US): cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
49
Heart murmur, congenital
Mitral valve prolapse
50
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
51
Helminth infection (US)
Enterobius vermicularis, Ascarios lumbricoides
52
Hematoma - epidural
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped
53
Hematoma - subdural
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
54
Hemochromatosis
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in heart failure, "bronze diabetes," and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
55
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)
56
Hereditary bleeding disorder
von Willebrand disease
57
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
58
HLA-B27
Psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, IBD-associated arthritis, reactive arthritis (formerly Reiter syndrome)
59
HLA-DR3
Diabetes mellitus type 1, SLE, Graves disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis, Addison disease
60
HLA-DR4
Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, Addison disease
61
Holosystolic murmur
VSD, tricuspic regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
62
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Virchow triad (increased risk of thrombosis)
63
Hypertension, secondary
Renal artery stenosis, chronic kidney disease (eg, polysystic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy), hyperaldosteronism.
64
Hypoparathyroidism
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
65
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
66
Infection secondary to blood transfusion
Hepatitis C
67
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease
S aureus, E coli, Aspergillus (catalase +)
68
Intellectual disability
Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome
69
Kidney stones
- Calcium = radiopaque
- Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease + organisms such as Klebsiella, Proteus species, and S saprophyticus
- Uric acid = radiolucent
- Cystine = radiolucent
70
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)
Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia
71
Liver disease
Alcoholic cirrhosis
72
Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher disease
73
Male cancer
Prostatic carcinoma
74
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
Hodgkin lynphoma
75
Malignancy (kids)
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
76
Metastases to bone
Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid
77
Metastases to brain
Lung > breast > genitourinary > melanoma > GI
78
Metastases to liver
Colon > stomach, pancreas
79
Microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency
80
Mitochondrial inheritance
Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only
81
Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
82
Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
83
Myocarditis
Coxsackie beta
84
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
85
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
Minimal change disease
86
Neuron migration failure
Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia
87
Nosocomial pneumonia
S aureus, Pseudomonas, other enteric gram -rods
88
Obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
89
Opening snap
Mitral stenosis
90
Opportunistic infection in AIDS
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
91
Osteomyelitis
S aureus (most common overall)
92
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Salmonella
93
Osteomyelitis with IV drug use
Pseudomonas, Candida, S aureus
94
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
Serous cystadenoma
95
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
96
Pancreatitis (acute)
Gallstones, alcohol
97
Pancreatitis (chronic)
Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
98
Pelvic inflammatory disease
C trachomatis, N gonorrhoeae
99
Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (BCR-ABL)
CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML
100
Pituitary tumor
Prolactinoma, somatotropic adenoma
101
Primary amenorrhea
Turner syndrome (45, XO or 45, XO/46,XX mosaic
102
Primary bone tumor (adults)
Multiple myeloma
103
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
104
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
105
Primary liver cancer
Hepatocellular, carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson disease)
106
Pulmonary hypertension
Idiopathic, heritable, left heart disease (eg, HF), lung disease (eg, COPD), hypoxemic vasoconstriction (eg, OSA), thromboembolic (eg, PE)
107
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
108
Refractory peptic ulcers and high gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas), associated with MENI
109
Renal humor
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTHrP, ACTH)
110
Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause
Cor pulmonale
111
S3 heart sound
Increased ventricular filling pressure (eg, mitral regurgitation, HF), common in dilated ventricles
112
S4 heart sound
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
113
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
114
Sexually transmitted disease
C trachomatis (usually coinfected with N gonorrhoeae)
115
SIADH
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
116
Site of diverticula
Sigmoid colon
117
Site of atherosclerosis
Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery
118
t(14;18)
Follicular lymphomas (BCL-2 activation, anti-apoptotic oncogene)
119
t(8;14)
Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc fusion, transcription factor oncogene)
120
t(9;22)
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (BCR-ABL activation, tyrosine kinase oncogene)
121
Temporal arteritis
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to occlusion of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
122
Testicular tumor
Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive), increased placental ALP
123
Thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma (childhood irradiation)
124
Tumor in women
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
125
Tumor of infancy
Strawberry hemangioma (grows rapidly and regresses spontaneously by childhood)
126
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
127
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
128
Type of Hodgkin lymphoma
Nodular sclerosing (vs mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion
129
Type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
130
UTI
E coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
131
Vertebral compression fracture
Osteoporosis (type 1: postmenopausal woman; type II: elderly man or woman
132
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV-1
133
Vitamin deficiency (US)
Folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply; prevents neural tube defects)
