DIT - Rapid Fire Facts Flashcards
(240 cards)
1
Q
newborn with arm paralysis following difficult labor
A
Erb-Duchenne Palsy - C5 and C6 nerve root lesion
2
Q
amyloid deposits in the gray matter of the brain
A
senile plaques - Alzheimer’s
3
Q
drooling farmer
A
organophosphate poisoning
4
Q
medical tx for pheochromocytoma
A
alpha antagonist (phenoxybenzamine)
5
Q
selective alpha1-antagonist used to tx BPH
A
tamsulosin
6
Q
bounding pulses, head-bobbing, diastolic murmur
A
aortic regurg
7
Q
strawberry cervix
A
trichomonas vaginalis
8
Q
clue cells
A
gardnerella vaginalis
9
Q
bacteria with “school of fish” appearance
A
h. deucreyi
10
Q
dark purple nodules on the skin of HIV pt
A
Kaposi sarcoma
11
Q
large cells with “owl’s eye” inclusion
A
CMV
12
Q
treatment for CMV
A
gancyclovir
13
Q
MC opportunistic inf for HIV
A
PCP
14
Q
PCP prophylaxis
A
when CD4 is less than 200
15
Q
boy with self-mutilation behavior, intellectual disability, and gout
A
lesch-nyhan syndrome
16
Q
orotic acid in urine, elevated serum ammonium
A
ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
17
Q
orotic acid in urine, normal serum ammonia, magaloblastic anemia that doesn’t correct with B12 or folate
A
orotic aciduria
18
Q
MC benign tumor in women
A
leiomyoma
19
Q
“chocolat cyst” of the ovary
A
endometriosis
20
Q
“powder burn” lesions
A
endometriosis
21
Q
eczema, recurrent cold abcesses, high serum IgE
A
hyper IgE syndrome ( aka Job dz)
22
Q
large phagosomal vesicles in neutrophils
A
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
23
Q
lung ca ass’d with SIADH
A
SCLC > ADH
24
Q
tumor ass’d with Hornden syndrome
A
pancoast tumor
25
lung ca ass'd with hypercalcemia
Sqamous Cell LC > inc PTHrP
26
lung ca ass'd with weakness
SCLC > Lambert Eaton synd
27
substances ass'd with lung ca
tobacco, radon, silica, asbestos
28
dysphagia, glossitis, Fe def anemia
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
29
hematemesis with reching
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
30
bone enlargement, bone pain, arthritis
paget's dz of the bone
31
vertebral compression fractures
osteoporosis
32
MCC of neural tube defects
folate def
33
MC preventable cause of congenital malformations in the US
etoh use during pregnancy
34
hyperfleible joints, arachnodactyly, aortic dissection, lens dislocation
Marfan's
35
hereditary nephritis, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss
Alport's
36
"worst HA of my life"
subarachnoid hemorrhage
37
lucid interval following head trauma
epidural hematoma
38
bloody CSF on LP
subarachnoid hemorrhage
39
MCC of subdural hematoma
rupture of bridging veins
40
MCC of epidural hematoma
rupture of MMA
41
crescent shaped bleed on imaging
subdural hematoma
42
lens shaped bleed on imaging
epidural hematoma
43
MCC of dementia
Alzheimer's
44
intracellular deposits of hyperphosphorlated tau protein
Alzheimer's
45
2nd MCC of dementia
vascular
46
intracellular spherical aggregates of tau protein seen on silver stain
frontotemporal dementia (Pick dz)
47
continuous, machine-like heart murmur
PDA
48
boot-shaped heart in an infant
TOF
49
rib notching
coarc
50
MC congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
51
MC congenital cause of early cyanosis
TOF
52
positive anterior drawer sign
ACL injury
53
tenderness in the anatomical snuffbox
scaphoid fx
54
swollen, hard, painful finger joints
OA
55
swollen, boggy, painful finger joints
RA
56
cartilage erosion with polished bone beneath
eburnation in OA
57
swollen, red, acutely painful great toe joint
gout
58
positively birefringent rhomboid-shaped crystals
pseudogout
59
negatively birefringent needle-shaped crystals
gout
60
bamboo spine on x-ray
anklosing spondylitis
61
HLA-B27
SNSAs
62
pencil-in-cup on x-ray of finger
psoriatic arthritis
63
anti-smith and anti-dsDNA abs
SLE
64
anti-histone abs
drug-induced SLE
65
anti-centromere abs
CREST
66
anti-Jo-1 abs
diffuse scleroderma
67
anti-Ro abs
Sjogren's
68
arthritis, dry mouth, dry eyes
Sjogren's
69
keratin pearls on skin biopsy
sq cell ca
70
MC malignant skin tumor
basal cell ca
71
main artery of the pelvis
internal iliac
72
main nerve of the pelvis
pudendal
73
"bag of worms" scrotum
varicocele (MC on L side)
74
testicular ca first mets to which LNs
paraaortic
75
MC cancer in M
prostate
76
MCC of urinary obst in M
BPH
77
MC tx of ED
PDE inhibitors (sildenafil)
78
hepatic adenoma
OCP use
79
"grape-like" vaginal tumor
sarcoma botyidues
80
koliocytes
HPV inf
81
MCC of infetility in W
PCOS
82
midcycle pelvic pain ass'd with ovulation
mittleschmertz
83
ovarian tumor + ascites + hydrothorax
Meigs syndrome: ovarian fibromas
84
teratoma > hyperTSH
Struma ovarii
85
"snowstorm" appearance on US
hydatiform mole
86
MCC of genetic intelectular disability
tri 21
87
2nd MC genetic cause of intellectual disability
fragile X: inheritance is X-linked dominant
88
horseshoe kidney, congential heart defects, streak ovaries, cystic hygroma
turner's syndrome
89
rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, microcephaly with prominent occiput and small jaw
tri 18 (Edwards)
90
MC ca in W in US
breast cancer
91
MC b9 breast tumor
fibroadenoma
92
MC malignant breast tumor
infiltrating ductal carcinoma
93
blue domed cyst in the breast
fibrocystic change
94
tx for ER positive BC
tamoxifen
95
red, itchy, swollen rash on areola and nipple
pagets dz of the breast
96
std tx for T pallidum
penicillin
97
cellulitis from dog or cat bite
pasturella
98
non-painful, indurated ulcerated genital lesion
chancre (1* syphilis)
99
moist, smooth, flat, white genital lesion
condylomata lata (2* syphilis)
100
large bull's-eye rash
erythema migrans (lyme)
101
can cause a false positive VRDL screen
Viral infections (EBV), Drugs (an IVDU), Rheumatic fever, Lupus (and any other autoimmune dz) and Leprosy, Pregnancy
102
ass'd with ghon focus or ghon complex + hilar LAD
primary TB
103
ass'd with lung infiltrate in apical posterior segments or upper lobes
reactivated TB
104
std initial tx regimen for Tb
rifampin, INH, pyrazidamide, ethambutol
105
TB drug causing peripheral neuropathy + how to prevent it
INH, give pyridoxine (B6)
106
TB drug causing body fluids to turn red/orange
rifampin
107
TB drug causing red green colorblindness
ethambutol
108
+ Ham's test
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
109
tx fro absence seizures
ethosuximide
110
tx for eclampsia
MgSO
111
tx of status epilepticus
benzodiazepines - diazepam, lamotrigine
112
causes fetal hydantoin syndrome
phenytoin
113
conjugate lateral gaze palsy with nystagmus and diplopia during lateral gaze
INO
114
degeneration of the dorsal columns
tabes dorsalis
115
demylinating dz in a young woman
MS
116
mixed UMN & LMN diseae
ALS
117
toe extension upon stimulating the sole of the foot with a blunt instrument
babinski reflex
118
dysphagia, glossitis, Fe def anemia
plummer-vinson synd
119
hematemesis with retching
mallory-weiss tear
120
signet rings cells are seen in these two pathologies
gastric adenocarcinoma, LCIS of the breast
121
mucin-filled cell with a peripheral nucleus
signit ring cell
122
MC type of stomach cancer
adenocarcinoma
123
ovarian mets from gastric cancer
krukenberg tumor
124
gastric ulcerations and high gastrin level
Zolinger-Elson syndrome
125
acute gastric ulcer ass'd with elevated ICP or head trauma
cushing ulcer
126
acute gastric ulcer ass'd with severe burns
curling ulcer
127
GI hamartomas, hyperpigmentation of the mouth and hands
peutz-jeghers syndrome
128
multiple colon polyps, osteomas, soft tissue tumors
Gardner syndrome
129
"apple core" lesion on barium enema
colon cancer
130
MC site of colonic diverticula
sigmoid colon
131
"string sign" on contrast x-ray
Crohn's dz
132
"lead pipe" appearance on colon contrast x-ray
UC
133
painless jaundice
pancreatic cancer (esp in head)
134
MCC of acute pancreatitis
gallstones, etoh
135
MCC of chronic pancreatitis
chronic etoh use
136
severe hyperbilirubinemia in a neonate
Crigler-Najjar
137
mild, benign hyperbilirubinemia
Gilbert syndrome
138
triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes
fatty-liver dz
139
eosinophilic inclusions in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes
Mallory bodies
140
cancer closely linked to chirrosis
hepatocellular carcinoma
141
hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, ascites
Budd-Chiari syndrome
142
green/yellow corneal deposits
Wilson Disease
143
low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson Disease
144
Cirrhosis, diabetes, hyperpigmentation
Hemachromatosis
145
chronic sinusitis, infertility, and situs inversus
kartageners syndrome
146
elevated d-dimer
PE, DVT
147
hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, stasis of blood
Virchow's triad
148
blue bloater
chronic bronchitis - hypoxemia, hypercapnia
149
pink puffer
emphysema - dyspnea, hyperventilation
150
curchmann spirals
asthma - whorled mucous plugs w/ shed epi
151
b/l hilar adenopathy, uveitis
sarcoid
152
anti-GBM Abs
goodpasture
153
honeycomb lung on x-ray
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
154
"tennis racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles
Bierbeck granules (LCH)
155
Fe-containing nodules in the alveolar septum
asbestosis
156
chest pain, pericardial friction rub, persisten fever occurring several weeks after an MI
Dressler's syndrome
157
splinter hemorrhages under the finger nails
infective endocarditis
158
retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
roth sports
159
hear valve MC involved in inf endocarditis
mitral
160
heart valve MC involved in an IVDU with inf endocarditis
tricuspid
161
granulomatou nodules in the heart
aschoff bodies
162
MC primary cardiac tumor in adults
L atrial myxoma
163
MC primary cardiac tumor in kids
rhabdomyoma
164
MCC of const pericarditis
US: SLE, developing countries: TB
165
c-anca
granulomatosis with polyangitis
166
p-anca
churg strauss, microscopic polyangiitis
167
tx for thrombangiitis obliterans
smoking cessation
168
tx for giant cell arteritis
high dose corticosteroids
169
MC class of meds for bulimia nervosa
SSRI
170
medical treatment for alcohol withdraw
benzos
171
most effective tx for alcohol abuse
AA
172
atrophy of the mammillary bodies
wernicke encephaopathy
173
MC med for ADHA
methylphenidate
174
tx for central DI
desmopressin
175
tx for neprhogenic DI
HCTZ, indomethacin, amiloride
176
tx for LI-induces neprhrogenic DI
amiloride
177
bluish-colored lines on the gingivae
lead poisoning
178
tx of choice for rickets or osteomalacia
vitamin D
179
swollen gums, poor wound healing, bleeding mucous membranes, and spots on the skin
scurvy
180
MC vitamin def in the US
folate
181
hypersegmented NP
megaloblastic > B9 or B12
182
dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, and polyneuropathy
wet beri beri
183
MCC of hypercalcemia
primary hyperPTH
184
MCC of primary hyperPTH
parathyroid adenoma
185
MCC of secondary hyperPTH
chronic renal failure
186
MCC of hypoPTH
accidental removal
187
facial mm spasm with tapping of cheek
chvostek sign
188
parathyroid, pancreatic, and pituitary tumors
MEN1
189
MC thyroid cancer
papillary
190
enlarged thyroid e/ ground glass nuceli
papillary thyroic ca
191
cold intolerance
hypothyroid
192
MC tumor of the adrenal
benign, nonsecretic
193
MC tumor of the adrenal medulla - adults
pheocromocytoma
194
MC tumor of the adrenal medulla - children
neuroblastoma
195
tx for peho (meds)
nonselective alpha blocker
196
pheo, medullary thyroid ca, hyperPTH
MEN2A
197
pheo, medullary thyroic ca, mucosal neuroma
MEN2B
198
MCC of primary hyperaldosteronism
adrenal adenoma
199
tx for hyperaldosteronism
spironolactone
200
adrenal dz ass'd with skin hyperpigmentation
addison
201
HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
conn syndrome
202
MCCs of Cushings (4)
exogenous steroids, ectopic ACTH (SCLC), ACTH secreting tumor, adrenal tumor making cortisol
203
inability to breastfeed, amenorrhea, cold intolerance
sheehand syndrome
204
infertility, galactorrhea, and bitemporal hemianopia
prolactinoma
205
preferred anticoag for immediate anticogaulation
heparin or LMWH
206
preferred anticoag for LT anticoagulation
warfarin
207
preferred anticoag during pregnancy
heparin or LMWH
208
causes of hypochomic, microcytic anemia (4)
iron def, thalassemia, Fe poisoning, ACD
209
skull xray shows "hair-on-end" appearance
beta-thal or Hb-SS
210
basophilic stippling of RBCs
Fe poisoning
211
painful cyanosis of the finger and toes with hemolytic anemia
cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia
212
basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
Howell-Jolly bodies
213
autosplenectomy
HbSS
214
drus used to tx HbSS
hydroxyuria
215
antiplatelet antibodies
ITP
216
bleeding disoder with Gp1b def
bernard-soulier
217
MC inherited bleeding disorder
vWb dz
218
cancer MCly ass'd with non-infectious fever
hodgkin's lymphoma
219
sheets of lymphoid cells, "starry sky" appearance
Burkitt lymphoma
220
large b cells with bi-lobed nuclei and prominent "owl-eye" inclusion
Reid-Sternburg cells of Hodgkins Lymphoma
221
smudge cells
CLL
222
reddish-pink rods in the cytoplasm of leukemic blasts
aeur rods - AML
223
dark purple lesion on the skin n an HIV pt
Kaposi sarcoma (HHV-8)
224
temporal lobe encepahlitis
HSV-1
225
owl eye inclusions
CMV
226
intranuclear eosinophlic droplet
type A cowdry bodies (HSS, VZV, CMV)
227
asplastic anemia in a sickle cell pt
parvo B19
228
child with fever and "slapped cheek" rash on the face
parvo B19
229
fever, runny nose, cough, conjunctivits, and diffuse rash
rubeola virus (measles)
230
small irregular, glue-gray spots on the buccal mucosa, surrounded by a base of red
koplik spots (measles)
231
tx for CMV
gancyclovir
232
MC opporunistic inf in HIV pts
PCP
233
prevention of PCP
TMP-SMX
234
tx for oral candidiasis
nystatin, fluconazole
235
MC opp inf in HIV
PCP
236
tx for systemic candidiasis
fluconazol, ampho B, echinocandin
237
tx for sprothrux schenckii
itraconazole, potassium iodide
238
ring-enhancing brain lesion in an HIV pt
toxo
239
tx for trichomoas
metro (pt and partner)
240
MC protozoal diarrhea
giardia
