First Aid - Classic Presentations Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
abd pain,
ascites,
hepatomegaly
A
Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)
2
Q
achilles tendon xhanthoma
A
familial hypercholesterolemia (dec LDL receptor signaling)
3
Q
adrenal hemorrhage,
hypotension,
DIC
A
Waterhouse-Friderich synd (meningococcemia)
4
Q
+ ant drawer sign
A
ACL injury
5
Q
arachnodactyly,
lens dislocation,
aortic dissection,
hyperflexible joints
A
marfan synd (fibrilin defect)
6
Q
athlete w/ polycythemia
A
secondary to EPO injection
7
Q
back pain,
fever,
night sweats,
weight loss,
A
pott’s dz (vertebral TB)
8
Q
b/l adenopathy,
uveitis
A
sarcoid (noncaseating granulomas)
9
Q
blue sclera
A
osteogensis imprefecta (type I collagen defect)
10
Q
bone pain,
bone enlargement,
arthritis
A
paget disease of bone (increase osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)
11
Q
bounding pulse,
diastolic heart murmur,
head bobbing
A
arortic regurg
12
Q
butterfly facial rash,
rayunaud phenomenon,
young F
A
SLE
13
Q
cafe-au-lait spots,
polyostotic fibrous dysplasia,
precocious puberty,
multiple endo abnormalities
A
McCune-Albright synd (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)
14
Q
cafe-au-lait spots,
lisch nodules
A
neurofibromatosis I (+ peho, opti gliomas)
15
Q
calf pseudohypertrophy
A
muscular dystrophy (duchenne = MC): x-linked recessive deletion of dystrophin
16
Q
“cherry-red” spots on macula
A
Tay-Sachs (ganglioside) or Neimann-Pick (sphingomyelin)
17
Q
chest pain on exertion
A
angina
18
Q
chest pain,
pericardial effusion/friction rub,
persistent fever following MI
A
dressler’s syndrome (1-12 wks post MI autoimmune pericarditis)
19
Q
child uses arm to stand up from squat
A
gower’s sign (duchenne’s muscular dystrophy)
20
Q
child with fever, later develops rash on face that spreads to body
A
“slapped cheeks”: erythemia infectiosum/fifths dz - parvovirus B19
21
Q
chorea,
dementia,
caudate degeneration
A
huntington’s dz: AF CAG expansion
22
Q
chronic exercis intolerance, myalgias, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria
A
McArdle dz: mm glycogen phosphorlase def
23
Q
cold intolerance
A
hypothyroidism
24
Q
conjugate lateral gaze palsy,
horizontal diplopia
A
INO: damage to MLF, b/l = MC, u/l = stroke
25
continuous "machine-like" murmur
PDA
26
cutaneous/dermal edema d/t connective tissue deposition
myxedema: hypothyroid, Grave's = pretibial
27
dark purple skin/mouth nodules in AIDs pt
Kaposi sarcoma: ass'd with HHV-8
28
deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation
Kussmaul respirations (DKA)
29
dermatitis,
dementia,
diarrhea
Pellagra: niacin/vit B3 def
30
dilated cardiomyopathy,
edema,
alcoholism or malnutrition
Wet beriberi: thiamine/vit B1 def
31
dog or cat bite leading to inf
pasturella multocida
32
dry eyes,
dry mouth,
arthritis
Sjogren syndrome
33
dysphagia,
glossitis,
Fe def anemia
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
34
elastic skin,
| hyper-mobility of joints
Ehlers-danlos syndrome: typer III collagen defect
35
enlarged, hard L supraclavicular node
Virchow's node: abd mets
36
erythroderma,
LAD,
HSM,
atypical T cells
Mycosis fungoides or sezary syndrome
37
facial mm spasm upon tapping
chvostek sign: hypocalcemia
38
fever,
chills ,
HA,
myalgia following antibiotic tx for syphilis
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction: rapid lysis of spirochetes result in toxin release
39
```
fever,
cough,
conjunctivitis,
coryza (stuffy nose),
diffuse rash
```
measles
40
fever,
night sweats,
wt loss
B symptoms (staging) of lymphoma
41
fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis
Peyronie dz: connective tissue disorder
42
gout,
intellectual disability,
self-mutilating behavior in boy
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (x-linkd recessive)
43
green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea
Kayser-Fleisher rings: copper accumulation for Wilson dz
44
hamartomatous GI polyps,
| hyperpigmented mouth/feet/hands
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: inherited benign polyposis that can cause obst
45
HSM,
osteoporosis,
neuro s/s
Gaucher synd: glucocerebrsidase def
46
hereditary nephritis,
sensorinural hearing loss,
cataracts
alport synd: collagen IV mutation
47
hyperphagia,
hypersexuality,
hyerorality,
hyperdocility,
Kluver-Bucy syndrome
48
hyperreflexia,
hypertonia,
babinski's sign
UMN damage
49
hyporeflexia,
hypotonia,
atrophy,
fasciulations
LMN damage
50
indurated, ulcerated genital lesions
nonpainful = chancre (primary syphilis: trponema pallidum), painful w/ edudate = chanceroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
51
infant with cleft lip/palate,
microcephaly or holopresencephaly,
polydactaly,
cutis aplasia
Patau syndrome: trisomy 13
52
infant with failure to thrive,
heptosplenomegaly,
neurodegeneration
Niemann-Pick disease: sphingomylinase def
53
infant with hypoglycemia,
failure to thrive,
hepatomegaly
Cori disease or Von Gierke disease
54
infant with microcephaly,
rocker-bottom feet,
clenched hands,
structural heart defect
Edwards syndrome: trisomy 18
55
jaundice,
| palpable distended non-tender gall-bladder
Corvosier sign: distal biliary tree obst
56
large rash with bulls-eye appearance
erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite: lyme disease - Borrelia
57
lucid interval after TBI
Epidural hematoma: middle meningeal aa rupture
58
male child,
recent infection,
no mature B cells
bruton dz: x-linked agammaglobulinemia
59
mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
Glanzmann thrombasthenia: defect in platelet aggregation d/t lack of GpIIb/IIIa
60
muffled heart sounds,
distended neck vv,
hypotension
beck's triad: cardiac tamponade
61
multiple colon polyps,
osteomas/soft tissue tumors,
impacted/supernumerary teeth
Gardner's syndrome
62
monopathy, exercise intolerance
Pompe dz
63
neonate with with arm paralysis following difficult birth
Erb-Duchenne palsy
64
no lactation postpartum,
absent maturation,
cold intolerace
Sheehan Syndrome: pituitary infarction
65
nystagmus,
intention tremor,
scanning speech,
b/l INO
multiple sclerosis
66
oscillating slow/fast breathing
cheyne-stokes respiration: central apnea in CHF or increased ICP
67
painful blue fingers/toes,
| hemolytic anemia
Cold agglutinin dz
68
painful pale cold fingers/toes
rayunaud phenomenon
69
painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles
Janeway lesions: infective endocarditis
70
epigastric pain, painless distended gallbladder, jaundice
cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing the bile duct
71
painful, red raised lesions on pads on fingers and toes
osler nodes: infective endocarditis
72
palpable purpura on buttocks/legs,
joint pain,
abd pain (child),
hematuria
Henoch-Schonlein purpura: IgA vasculitis
73
pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors
MEN 1
74
periorbital and/or peripheral edema,
proteinuria,
hypoalbuminemia,
hypercholesterolemia
nephrotic syndrome
75
pink complexion,
dyspnea,
hyerventilation
"pink-puffer": emphysema - panacinar
76
```
polyuria,
renal tubular acidosis type II,
growth failure,
electrolyte imbalances,
hypophosphatemic rickets
```
Fanconi syndrome
77
pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques
Lichen planus
78
ptosis,
misosis,
anhydrosis
horner syndrome
79
pupil accomodates but doesn't react
argyll robinson pupil
80
rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends following GI/URI
Guillain-Barre syndrome: autoimmune inflammatory demylinating polyneuropathy
81
rash on palms and soles
Coxsackie A, 2* syphilis, RMSF
82
Recurrent colds,
unusual eczema,
high serum IgE
Hyper-IgE syndrome aka Job syndrome
83
red "current jelly" sputum in an alcoholic or diabetic
Klebsiella pneumonia
84
red "current jelly" stools
acute mesenteric ischemia (adult), intussusception (infants)
85
red, itchy, swollen rash of the nipple/areola
Paget disease of the breast
86
renal cell carcinoma b/l,
hemangioblastomas,
angiomatosis,
pheochromocytoma
von Hippe-Lindau dz
87
resting tremor,
akinesia,
postural instability
parkinson dz: nigrostriatal dopamine depletion
88
retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
roth spots: bacterial endocarditis
89
severe jaundice in neonate
crigler-najjar syndrome
90
severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ
rovsing sign: acute appy
91
severe RLQ with rebound tenderness
McBurney sign: acute appy
92
short stature
increased incidence of tumors/leukemia
aplastic anemia
Faconi snydrome
93
single palmar crease
Down syndrome
94
situs inversus,
chronic sinusitis,
bronchiectasis,
infertility
kartagener syndrome: dynein arm defect
95
skin hyperpigmentation,
hypotension,
fatigue
addison disease: 1* adrenocortical insufficiency
96
slow progressive mm weakness in boys
becker muscular dystrophy: x-linked, less severe than Duchenne
97
small, irregular red spots on buccal.lingual mucosa with blue-white center
Koplick spots: measles - rubeola virus
98
smooth, flat, moist, painless white lesions on genitals
condylomata lata: 2* syphilis
99
splinter hemorrhages in finger nails
bacterial endocarditis
100
"strawberry tongue"
scarlet fever, Kawasaki dz, TSS
101
```
streak ovaries,
congenital heart defect,
horseshoe kidney,
cystic hygroma at birth,
short stature,
webbed neck,
lymphedema
```
Turner syndrome: 45 XO
102
swollen, painful big toe joint, tophi
gout/podagra
103
swollen gums,
mucosal bleeding,
poor wound healing,
petechiae
scurvy
104
swollen, hard, painful dinger joints
osteoarthritis
105
systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
aortic valve stenosis
106
thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma
MEN 2A
107
thyroid tumors, pehochromocytoma, ganglioneuomatosis
MEN 2B
108
toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
Babinski sign: UMN lesion
109
u/l facial droop involving forehead
facial nn palsy: LMN CN VII palsy
110
urethritis,
conjunctivitis,
arthritis in male
reactive arthritis ass'd with HLA-B27
111
vascular birthmark (port-wine stain)
Hemangioma: benign, ass'd with Sturge-Weber syndrome)
112
vomiting blood following GI lacs
Malloy-Weiss syndrome: etoh and bulimic pts
113
```
wt loss,
diarrhea,
arthritis,
fever,
adenopathy
```
Whipple dz
114
WHAOML
subarachnoid hemorrhage
