Flashcards in Diuretics Deck (16):
1
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Acetazolamide: uses
glaucoma
idiopathic intracranial HTN
altitude sickness
metabolic alkalosis
2
Altitude sickness treatment with acetazolamide
hypoxemia
leading to increased respiratory rate (blowing off CO2)
respiratory alkalosis
metabolic compensation enhanced by acetazolamide which helps you excrete carbonic acid
3
Acetazolamide side effects
metabolic acidosis
hypokalemia
nephrolithiasis
4
Sulfa drugs
acetazolamide
thiazides
loop diuretics
5
What's the only loop duiretic that is not a sulfa drug?
ethacrynic acid
6
When should you use mannitol, osmotic diuretic?
increased ICP (short term solution)
acute kidney injury
acute angle closure glaucoma
7
Mannitol adverse effects
dilutional hyponatremia initially
osmotic diureses, and relative hypernatremia
hyperosmolarity
pulmonary edema
Monitor serum sodium, serum osmolarity looking for hyperosmolarity
8
Loop diuretics
furosemide
bumetanide
torsemide
ethacrynic acid
CHF
Ascites
Pulmonary edema
Peripheral edema
Hypercalcemia (but be careful with hypercalciuria, in which case loop diuretics might cause more kidney stones)
9
Loop diuretic side effects
ototoxicity
hyperuricemia (don't give if gout)
hypokalemia (supplement potassium)
hypocalcemia
10
Thiazides
hydrochlorothiazide
metolazone
chlorthalidone
use for
HTN
early, mild CHF
hypercalciuria
nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
RTA
11
Thiazides- side effects
hypokalemia
hyponatremia
hyperuricemia
hypercalcemia
12
Potassium-sparing diuretics
potassium, "taKe a SEAT"
aldosterone antagonists:
Spironolactone
Epleronone
block sodium channels:
Amiloride
Triamterene
13
Aldosterone antagonists- when do we use them?
Hyperaldosteronism
CHF
Post- MI (especially epleronone)
Portal HTN (especially spironolactone and furosemide)
14
Spironolactone's anti-androgen effects can be used to treat...
acne
polycystic ovarian syndrome
15
Aldosterone antagonise side efefects
hyperkalemia
gynecomastia, menstrual irregularities (spironolactone)
16