Diversity of Plants (Week 8 Lecture 11)

Question 1

True or False: The plant kingdom is primarily terrestrial eukaryotes.

Answer 1

true

Question 2

True or False: Plants store carbohydrates as starch.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Chloroplasts contain ______, ______, and ______.

Answer 3

Chlorophyll A, Chlorophyll B,

carotenoids

Question 4

What are the cell walls of plants composed of?

Answer 4

Cellulose

Question 5

How many different plants exist today?

Answer 5

265 000

Question 6

When did plants make the transition to land?

Answer 6

425 MYA

Question 7

What are the pores that carry out the gas exchange on plants?

Answer 7

Stomata

Question 8

True or False: The leaves are covered with a waxy cuticle to prevent desiccation.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What is the alternation of generation that occurs in the life cycle of plants?

Answer 9

haploid gametophyte stage, diploid sporophyte stage

Question 10

What type of plants have a large obvious gametophyte stage?

Answer 10

Bryophytes

Question 11

What are the 4 major plant evolution adaptation?

Answer 11

1) about 400 million years ago (Ordovician age) - the feature of a protected embryo; also spore production as a means of reproduction
2) the evolution of vascular tissue
3) the origin of seed producing plants about 360 million years ago, and
4) the evolution of flowering plants about 130 million years ago.

Question 12

An example of a non-vacular plant would be?

Answer 12

Mosses

Question 13

True or False: In non-vascular plants, multicellular embryos are protected within structures that produce an egg

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What is an example of a seedless vascular plant?

Answer 14

Ferns

Question 15

Vascular tissue conducts water and organic nutrients within its roots stems and leaves in what type of plants?

Answer 15

Seedless vascular

Question 16

Conifers are an example of what tye of plant?

Answer 16

Gymnosperms

Question 17

In ______, seeds produced in seed cones disperse offspring away from the parent plant.

Answer 17

Gymnosperms

Question 18

In ______, flowers produce seeds protected by fruits.

Answer 18

Angiosperms

Question 19

Liverworts and hornworts are examples of ______.

Answer 19

Bryophytes

Question 20

What are the 4 major classes of plants?

Answer 20

Bryophytes, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

Question 21

Grasses and hardwoods are examples of ______.

Answer 21

Angiosperms

Question 22

How do bryophytes and pteridophyta fertilize?

Answer 22

Water

Question 23

What do nonvascular plants have instead pf roots?

Answer 23

Rhizoids

Question 24

What phylum has the most species for nonvascular plants?

Answer 24

Bryophyta

Question 25

Bryophytes lack vascular tissue but have certain adaptations that made a terrestrial existence such as?

Answer 25

Waxy cuticle

Question 26

What is the male and female gametangium of bryophytes.

Answer 26

Male - antheridium | Female - archegonium

Question 27

Why do mosses live in shady moist habitats?

Answer 27

lack vascular tissue to absorb water

Question 28

What class of nonvascular plant has lobbed shape bodies?

Answer 28

Heptophyta (liverworts)

Question 29

How do heptophyta reproduce?

Answer 29

gemmae which are dispersed with rain

Question 30

______ (______) resemble liverworts but have horn-shaped sporophyte stage.

Answer 30

Antherocerophyta (hornworts)

Question 31

What phylum has the most species for vascular seedless plants?

Answer 31

Pterophyta (ferns)

Question 32

In vascular seedless plants, the ______ stage is more dominant than the ______ stage.

Answer 32

sporophyte, gametophyte

Question 33

True or False: Psilophyta (whiskferns) lack true roots and leaves, have rhizomes which are underground stems covered with rhizoid hairs.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

True or False: In lycophyta (club mosses), sporangia of Lycopodium are borne on sporophylls, leaves specialized for reproduction.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

True or False: In lycophyta (club mosses), the gametophyte stage is conspicuous and develops above ground.

Answer 35

False, inconspicuous and develops underground.

Question 36

True or False: In lycophyta (club mosses), heterosporous, the megaspores develop into female gametophytes bearing archegonia and the microspores develop into male gametophytes bearing antheridia.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

What physical characteristic does Sphenophyta (horsetails) have?

Answer 37

Silia in the epidermal cells to give them a glassy texture

Question 38

Why were horsetails formerly called scouring rush?

Answer 38

glassy texture made them useful for scrubbing pots and pans

Question 39

True or False: Ferns do not have a large sporophyte stage.

Answer 39

False, sporophyte stage is large

Question 40

______ are the leaves of ferns

Answer 40

fronds

Question 41

______ is the underside of fern leaves and hold spores.

Answer 41

Sorus

Question 42

What phylum of gymnosperms (vascular seed plants) has the most species?

Answer 42

Coniferophyta

Question 43

What is the oldest conifer and he largest confer?

Answer 43

``` older = bristlecone largest = redwood ```

Question 44

Why do conifers produce cone shaped seeds?

Answer 44

Helps protect the seed.

Question 45

What's the function of needles on conifers.

Answer 45

adapt them to dry habitats

Question 46

True or False: Conifers are monecious.

Answer 46

True

Question 47

Do conifers produce true seeds?

Answer 47

Yes, consist of developing embryo, nutrient supply, and protective seed coat.

Question 48

How many species on anthophyta (flowering plants) are there?

Answer 48

240 000

Question 49

True or False: Angiosperms are extremely important providing all of our fruits and vegetables, and providing medicines, fiber, perfumes, and decorations.

Answer 49

True

Question 50

Are angiosperms the most dominant form of plant life on earth?

Answer 50

Yes

Question 51

______ consisting of sepals that protect the flower

Answer 51

calyx

Question 52

______ consisting of petals to attract pollinators

Answer 52

corolla

Question 53

______ are male pollen production organs, filament and anther

Answer 53

stamen

Question 54

______ are female pollen production organs, stigma, style, ovary

Answer 54

carpel

Question 55

______ holds the megasporangium and female gametophyte which produces an egg; the ovule later becomes the seed.

Answer 55

Ovule

Question 56

______ is the enlarged base of the pistil, which forms the fruit.

Answer 56

Ovary

Question 57

______ is the transfer of pollen from microsporangium to female gametophyte

Answer 57

Pollination

Question 58

______ is the fusion of sperm nucleus with egg nucleus.

Answer 58

Fertilization

Question 59

What are the four trends of angiosperm evolution?

Answer 59

1. Number of floral parts has been reduced 2. Floral parts have become fused 3. Symmetry has changed from radial to bilateral 4. Ovary has dropped to a position below the petals and sepals (inferior) where the flowers are better protected