Review 3 Lecture 18-19

Question 1

who is the godfather of toxicology?

Answer 1

Paracelus

Question 2

What as socrates forced to drink?

Answer 2

Poision hemlock

Question 3

What are 4 types of posionous plants

Answer 3

Alkoids

• Yew
• Buttercups
• Boxwood

Cardiac glycocide\

• oleander
• lilly of the valley

cyanide

• seeds of rose family
• cassava
• lima beans

Other compunds
-castor bean

Question 4

what are the mild discouragement but not toxic plants (6).

Answer 4

Oxalic acid
rhubarb, swelling of mouth and vocal chords

tannin in potatoes leafs and stems

Saponins

• tomatine in tomato and solanine in potato
• cause diarrhea and vomiting

allergic componeys
urushiol oil in poison ivy

alkalods
death camas frequent poison in livestock

food and pollen alergies

Question 5

wht are the 5 uses of poisonous plants.

Answer 5

1. Crop plants need defenses against insects and diseases, otherwise would have to always spray huge amounts of insecticide and fungicide2. Selective poisons of pests:
   i) rat poison - Rotenonefrom the bean family Fabaceae
   iii) pyrethrum are from sunflower family Asteraceae; these kill fish andinsects
2. Medicines in smaller doses
3. Poisonarrowsand darts - common in many societies (Greece, China, Africa, South America) with different plants.
4. Jewelry: Rosary peas (Abrus precatorius): abrin

Question 6

What are the poisonous members of the apiaceae family

Answer 6

water and poison hemlock

Question 7

All parts of the oleander are toxic and contains ______.

Answer 7

cardiac glycosides

Question 8

What is the toxin in the pacific yew that leads to cardiac failure.

Answer 8

Taxine

Question 9

Honey in australia can be tainted with what chemical?

Answer 9

Tutin (produced within phloem).

Question 10

You can fall ill from consuming milk from cows have have eaten ______.

Answer 10

White snakeroot

Question 11

Castor oil was used to treat people with ______.

Answer 11

Constipation

Question 12

Georgi markov was poisoned with what?

Answer 12

castor bean

Question 13

Allergenic pollen is usually from ______ pollinated plants.

Answer 13

Wind pollinated

Question 14

True or False: Pollen from short ragweed and giant ragweed are well known inducers of hay fever allergies

Answer 14

True

Question 15

True or False: latex contains allergenic proteins; guayule latex is deficient in these proteins.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

In some cases, unusual features, such as thorns,of ______and______ are of interest.

Answer 16

rose and cacti

Question 17

What are the 4 types of oils?

Answer 17

• 150-100 = “semi-drying”
• 100-70 = “nondrying”
• below 70 = “fats” because they are solid at room temp = highly saturated. e.g. palm and coconut oils

Question 18

What are the 6 uses of vegetable oils?

Answer 18

• Food 
	• making soap - a long time ago
	• Paints and decorative coatings - those have high iodine values (drying oils)
	• Original linoleum (floor covering)
	• Petroleum product alternatives
		polymers
		fuel
	• medicinal uses (castor bean)

Question 19

Drying oils such as ______ are used in paints and varnishes.

Answer 19

linseed

Question 20

What are 3 examples of semi drying oils?

Answer 20

Sunflower, soybean, corn

Question 21

What is an example of a non-drying oil?

Answer 21

Peabut

Question 22

What is the most consumed oil in the world?

Answer 22

Vegetable oil (soybean oil)

Question 23

Canada led the development and extraction and use of ______ oil.

Answer 23

Canola

Question 24

In castor oil, ______, a highly toxic protein that lead to hemorrhaging, comes from the seed

Answer 24

ricin

Question 25

what is the only oil that is from the pericarp.

Answer 25

Olive oil

Question 26

______ oil is the fat pressed from the fibrous flesh of the fruit of many palms.

Answer 26

Vegetable fats

Question 27

______ seeds contain oil that is liquid wax, used for machinery

Answer 27

Jojoba

Question 28

True or False: Biofuels burn cleaner than fossil fuels, releasing fewer pollutants and greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, into the atmosphere. They are sustainable, and energy companies often mix biofuels with gasoline.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

yeast and bacteria are used to break down the startch in corn and other plants.

Answer 29

bioalcohol

Question 30

what are the two main categories biofuels fall into.

Answer 30

bioalcohol and biodiesel

Question 31

What are the two drawbacks to biofuels

Answer 31

compete with food and crops for land | costs

Question 32

True or False: Growing and processing corn into a biofuel actually uses a huge amount of fossil fuel.  

Answer 32

True

Question 33

In a cottonseed plant oil makes up what percent?

Answer 33

20

Question 34

What plant is used to Make ethanol requires less energy from fossil fuels and Does not affect world food production

Answer 34

Switchgrasss

Question 35

True or False: Wheat ethanol is mainly used to power motor vehicles and is often blended with gasoline.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Most biodiesel in the world comes from what palnt?

Answer 36

soybeans

Question 37

True or false: Bush grows quickly, does well when water is scarce and with seeds that have 40 percent oil content.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Is palm oily an excellent energy efficient biodiesel fuel?

Answer 38

Yes

Question 39

What type f plant producing ethanol is 6 times less expensive than producing ethanol from corn.

Answer 39

Sugarcane

Question 40

What is the primary source of most cork products in the world?

Answer 40

Cork oak