DM part 1 highlights Flashcards
(27 cards)
1) What are the 3 main Sx of DM?
2) What blood glucose to Dx?
3) What are some other keys to Dx?
1) Polyuria, polydipsia and weight loss
2) Random blood glucose of 200 > mg/dL
Blood glucose of > 126 mg/dL after an overnight fast, documented on more than one occasion
3) Ketones in blood, urine, or both
Islet autoantibodies are often present
T/F: T1DM can vary in severity
True
List some things a T1DM pt may experience
1) Polyuria/polydipsia:
2) Weight loss
3) Dizziness
4) Weakness
5) Blurred vision
6) Paresthesia
7) N/v
8) Decreased level of consciousness
9) Fruity breath
10) Kussmaul breathing (tachypnea)
What are some important keys to T2DM Dx?
1) Obese, Polyuria and polydipsia, but probably no ketonuria
2) Probs >40 y/o
3) Blood glucose of > 126 after an overnight fast on more than one occasion OR blood glucose > 200 two hours after 75g oral glucose OR A1C > 6.5%
_____________ is the most important environmental risk factor for Type II diabetes
Obesity
Plasma [serum] glucose of ____________dL or higher on more than one occasion after at least ___ hours of fasting is diagnostic of diabetes
126 mg/dL; 8 hours
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test:
1) If initial fasting glucose is <______, but diabetes is suspected then this test can be done
2) Morning of, pt is given ___g of glucose in _____mL of water
1) <126
2) 75g; 300mL
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test:
1) Blood glucose is obtained at 0 and 120 minutes after ingestion; when is a Dx made?
2) What denotes impaired glucose tolerance?
1) A fasting > 126 or 2 hour > 200
2) A 2-hour value of 140-199
1) For initial diagnosis, HbA1c >____% is diagnostic for DM
2) HbA1c _________% is prediabetic
1) >6.5%
2) 5.7%-6.4%
HbA1c circulates with RBCs whose life span lasts up to _______days
120
The HbA1c level is weighted more heavily toward _______ glucose levels
recent
HbA1C is typically checked at _____-4-month intervals
3-4 month
Fructosamine reflects the state of glycemic control over the last ___________
1-2 weeks
Fructosamine can be falsely low in protein losing enteropathy, hepatic disease, and ____________ syndromes
nephrotic
Give examples of 1st gen sulfonylureas
Tolbutamide, tolazamide, acetohexamide, chlorpropamide
Sulfonylureas: List some 2nd gen ones
Glyburide, glipizide, gliclazide, glimepiride
Sulfonylureas: Which also metabolized in liver, but unlike 1st generation sulfonylureas, its metabolites are still active and have hypoglycemic activity?
Glyburide
Sulfonylureas: Which gets metabolized in the liver, with about 10% is excreted unchanged in the urine?
Glipizide
Sulfonylureas: Describe Glimepiride
has long duration of effect with half-life of 5 hours
Can be effective at the lowest dose of all the sulfonylureas
What class of meds includes metformin ?
Biguanides
Rosiglitazone, Pioglitazone are examples of what?
Glitazones (Thiazolidinediones)
Give examples of GLP-1 receptor agonists
Exenatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, lixisenaitide, semaglutide
Give 3 examples of DDP-4 inhibitors
DDP-4 inhibitors
Give examples of SGL-2 inhibitors
Canagliflozin (Invokana), dapagliflozin (Forxiga), empagliflozin (Jardiance), ertugliflozin (Steglatro)
