Endocrine pt 1 Thursday highlights Flashcards
(20 cards)
Rapid growth, fixed, no movement with swallowing are characteristics of what type of thyroid nodule?
Malignant
Thyroid nodules may have _____________ symptoms
compressive
The less worried you are (i.e. lower suspicion) , the __________a thyroid nodule can be before you need to FNA with biopsy it
bigger
List the 3 target organs of PTH
1) Bone
2) GI tract
3) Kidney
Normal serum Ca++ is ________ and Phosphate is ________
high; low
Bone reabsorption (from PTH) is taking Ca and Phosphate from _________
bone
PTH leads to a/an _____________ in URINE Calcium
increase
_______ is the Vit D you eat
D2
UV light creates ______; Vit D precursor in your skin
D3
Liver takes both forms (D2 + D3) and makes __________ which is still an intermediate form
25 Vit D
Kidney turns 25 Vit D into _____________ in the proximal convoluted tubule
1, 25 Vit D
What are 4 Sx of hyperparathyroid?
1) Bones: osteopenia and bone pain
2) Stones: calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate kidney stones
3) Abd groans: constipation and pain
4) Psychic moans: encephalopathy
What is an important symptom of hypercalcemia?
Asymptomatic
For every deviation of 1 on albumin, change Ca in opposite direction by what?
0.8
Normal = albumin of _________ and Ca of _______
4 and calcium of 10
Hyperparathyroidism during Pregnancy: How is it treated?
Surgery, if possible, in second trimester – subtotal parathyroidectomy
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism:
1) What is the most common cause?
2) What is another cause? Describe
1) Kidney disease
2) Vit D deficiency; PTH goes high, PO4 goes low
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: What may calcium levels be? Why?
The above process is occurring to normalize low calcium to begin with, so calcium may be normal
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