DNA Structure & Function

Question 1

What are the levels of Nucleic Acid structure?

Answer 1

1. Nucleotide.
2. Strand.
3. Double helix.
4. Chromosomes.
5. Genome.

Question 2

What are the nucleotides of DNA composed of?

Answer 2

1. Phosphate group
2. Pentose sugar: deoxyribose.
3. Nitrogenous base: adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.

Question 3

What are the nucleotides of RNA composed of?

Answer 3

1. Phosphate group.
2. Pentose sugar: ribose
3. Nitrogenous base: adenine, guanine, uracil, & cytosine.

Question 4

What is the definition of phosphodiester bond?

Answer 4

When two nucleotides join together. (DNA)

Question 5

What is the pairing of nitrogenous bases?

Answer 5

Adenine = Thymine
Cytosine= Guanine

Question 6

What are the features of DNA?

Answer 6

1. Double stranded.
2. Antiparallel strands.
3. Right handed helix.
4. Sugar- phosphate backbone.
5. Bases on the inside.
6. Stabilized by h-bonding.
7. Specific base pairing.

Question 7

What is DNA replication?

Answer 7

1. Definition: process of copying a DNA molecule.
2. Each old DNA strand serves as a template for a new strand in a daughter molecule.

Question 8

Why is DNA replication considered semiconservative?

Answer 8

One of the old parent strands is conserved in each daughter molecule.

Question 9

What is a gene?

Answer 9

Segment of DNA that codes for the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide of a protein.

Question 10

What are the two steps of DNA replication?

Answer 10

1. Transcription:
   -DNA serves as a template for RNA formation. RNA then goes to the cytoplasm where protein synthesis occurs.
2. Translation:
   - an RNA transcript directs the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide of a protein.