Dna Technology Classification And Diversity

Question 1

What is genome sequencing?

Answer 1

• advances in genome sequencing have meant the entire base sequence of an organisms DNA convert determined
• This can be compared with the DNA of another organism
• Closely related species will have a higher percentage of similarity in their DNA based order

Question 2

How can comparing a amino acid sequence clarify evolutionary relationship relationships?

Answer 2

• proteins are made of amino acid
• The sequence of amino acids in a protein is coded by the base sequence of DNA
• Related organisms have similar DNA sequences and so similar amino acid sequences in their proteins
• The more similar the amino acid sequence the more closely related to the species are

Question 3

How can immunological comparisons be used to clarify evolutionary relationships?

Answer 3

• Similar proteins combined the same antibodies
• If antibodies to a human version of a protein are added to isolated samples from other species, any protein that’s like human version will also be recognised by that antibody

Question 4

How have gene technologies been developed that allow us to measure genetic diversity directly?

Answer 4

• Different alleles of the same gene will have slightly different DNA base sequences. Comparing the DNA base sequences of the same gene in different organisms in a population allows scientist to find how many alleles of the gene there are in the population
• Different alleles will also produce slightly different mRNA sequences and may produce proteins with slightly different amino acid sequences so these can be compared