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RNA and protein synthesis Flashcards

(10 cards)

1
Q

Characteristics of mRNA

A
  • mRNA is made during transcription
  • It carries the genetic code from the DNA to the ribosomes where it is used to make protein during translation
  • mRNA is a single polynucleotide strand
  • In mRNA groups of three adjacent bases are called codons there sometimes called triplets or base triplets
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2
Q
A
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3
Q

Transfer RNA characteristics/ tRNA
functions of tRNA

A
  • Involved in translation
  • it carries the amino acids that are used to make proteins to the ribosomes
  • tRNA is a single polynucleotide strand that’s folded into a clover shape
  • Hydrogen bonds between specific base pairs hold the molecule in this shape
  • Every tRNA molecule has a specific sequence of three bases at one end called an anticodon
  • They also have an amino acid binding site at the other end
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4
Q

What is an anticodon?

A

A specific sequence of three bases at one end of tRNA

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5
Q

Describe the transcription stage of protein synthesis

A
  • In eukaryotes the hydrogen bonds between the two DNA strands in the gene are broken by DNA healer case this causes the DNA molecule uncoil exposing the bases
  • One of the strands is used as a template to make an mRNA copy
  • RNA polymerase lined up free RNA nucleotides alongside exposed bases on the template strand
  • Complementary based pairing occurs except the T base is replaced by U
  • RNA polymerase binds the two strands together for me an mRNA molecule
  • The hydrogen bonds between the uncoiled strands reform once the RNA polymerase has passed and the strands coil back into a double helix
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6
Q

What happens when RNA polymerase reaches a stop codon

A

It stops making mRNA and attaches from the DNA

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7
Q

Where does the mRNA move to after transcription in eukaryotes?

A

Moves out of the nucleus through the nuclear power and attaches to a ribosome in the cytoplasm and whether the next stage of protein synthesis takes place

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8
Q

What happens during splicing?

A

Entrance are removed and exons are joints together forming mRNA strands

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9
Q

Does slicing occur in prokaryotes?

A

No mRNA is produced directly from the DNA without splicing taking place due to being no introns

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10
Q

Describe the process of translation in protein synthesis

A

1- mRNA attaches itself to a ribosome and tRNA molecules carry amino acids to it
2- ATP provides the energy needed for the bond between the amino acid and the tRNA molecule to form
3- a tRNA molecule carrying an amino acid with an anticodon that’s complimentary to the first code on on the mRNA attaches itself to the mRNA by specific base pairing
- The second tRNA molecule touches itself to the next code on on the mRNA in the same way
- The two amino acids attached to the tRNA molecules are joined by a peptide bond and the first tRNA molecule moves away leaving amino acid behind
- 3rd tRNA molecule line to the next code on on the mRNA and it’s amino acid bones to the first two and the second tRNA moves away
- This process continues producing a chain of linked to amino acids/ polypeptide chain until there is a stop sign signal
- A polypeptide chain moves away from the ribosome and translation is complete

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