DNA Viruses I Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
What is the viral classification of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 (HSV1 and HSV2)?
A
Enveloped DS DNA virus
2
Q
HSV1 and HSV2 are forms of
A
TORCHeS Virus
3
Q
HSV1 and 2 replicate in the
A
Nucleus
4
Q
Double stranded and linear virus
A
HSV1 and HSV2
5
Q
Has characteristic Cowdry bodies
A
HSV1 and HSV2
6
Q
HSV1 and 2 are transmitted via
A
Sex and Saliva
7
Q
Affects the upper half of the body
-Called “Lip herpes”
A
HSV1
8
Q
HSV1 1st infects as
A
Gingiva infantis
9
Q
What is a cardinal signal of HSV1?
A
Snake like ulcers and keratoconjuctivitis
10
Q
Can result in temporal lobe encephalitis w/ bizarre behavior
A
HSV1
11
Q
HSV1 is the most common cause of
A
Sporadic encephalitis
12
Q
HSV1 lies latent in the
A
Trigeminal ganglia
13
Q
HSV1 can cause dew drop like blisters on the fingers, this is called
A
Herpetic Whitlow
14
Q
Shows erythema multiform forming target lesions on hands and feet that move inwardly
A
HSV1
15
Q
Transmitted by any action in the genital regions
A
HSV2
16
Q
Characterized by painful vesicular lesion, w/ inguinal lymphadenopathy
A
HSV2
17
Q
HSV2 lies dormant in the
A
Sacral ganglia
18
Q
Neurologically, HSV2 can cause
A
Meningitis
19
Q
What kind of smear do we use to look for multi-nucleated giant cells in HSV2?
A
Tzanc smear
20
Q
There is no cure for HSV, but we can prevent breakouts with
A
Acyclovir and Valcyclovir
21
Q
What is the viral classification of the Epstein-Barr Virus
A
Double stranded DNA virus
22
Q
The Epstein =-Barr virus causes
A
Infectious mononucleosis
23
Q
Shows sweating and fever
A
Infectious mononucleosis
24
Q
Infectious mononucleosis is also classified by tender lymphadenopathy in the
A
Posterior cervical region
25
We see an increase in cytotoxic T cell in
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
26
Epstein-Barr shows reactive lymphocytosis, aka
Downy cells
27
Have ab oval or folded nucleus
Downy cells
28
During an Epstein-Barr infection, T cells proliferate, causing
Splenomegaly
29
Targets B lymphocytes (white cells) in a new host
-Remains latent in B cells
EBV
30
Binds to CD 21, that is a receptor for compliment component CD3, to infect B Cells
EBV Envelope (glycoprotein)
31
Also causes pharyngitis
EBV
32
Occurs in late teens and adulthood, most likely asymptomatic in children
Mono
33
People infected with EBV will develop a maculopapular rash when treated with
Penicillin
34
Will not cause an allergic reaction if the patient is infected with EBV
Amoxicillin and ampicillin
35
EBV increases risk factors for
3 Cancers
36
The weakened immune system from EBV can result in the development of
B cell lymphoma or Hodgkin's Lymphoma
37
EBV can also increase the risk for Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma and Burkett lymphoma, in which the most common translocation is
t8:t14
38
In Asian populations, EBV can increase risk for
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
39
In patients with HIV and EBV, we can see a lesion that is NOT precancerous. This lesion is an
Oral hairy leukoplakia
40
EBV is diagnosed during actue infection by a
Monospot IgG test
41
What is the viral classification of the Cytomegalovirus?
DNA virus that replicates in the nucleus
42
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the
Herpes virus family
43
CMV lies latent in
Mononuclear cells, i.e. Leukocytes
44
CMV can be inactivated when
Immunosuppressed
45
CMV is transmitted in many things, in other words it is a
TORCHeS infection
46
The most common fetal CMV presentation is the
Blueberry muffin rash
47
Most common fetal viral infection, presents with blueberry muffin rash (thrombocytopenia) petechial rash like congenital rubella
CMV
48
Other clinical manifestations of CMV include
Jaundice and hepatomegaly
49
Can result in sensoneural hearing loss
CMV infection
50
In the brain, CMV causes
Ventruculomegaly
51
Results in calcifications around ventricles and periventricle calcifications
CMV
52
Also can cause ventricular calcification
Toxoplasmosis
53
The intracranial calcifications resulting CMV can result in
Mental retardation
54
What percentage of the time is CMV asymptomatic?
80%
55
The highest risk of congenital CMV occurs during the
2nd trimester
56
Congenital CMV results in heart failure leading to severe edema. This is called
Hydrops Fetalis
57
The #1 cause of mental retardation from viral infection and the over all #1 cause of sensorineural hearing loss
CMV
58
Organ transplant patients can be infected with
CMV pneumonia
59
AIDS patients are at risk for CMV if their CD4 count is below
50
60
An occular characteristic of CMV is
CMV retinitis (looks like a pizza pie)
61
CMV esophogolitis and colitis, differ from herpes because CMV is
Singular, deep, and linear
62
Shows characteristic owls eye inclusion bodies
CMV infection
63
We can treat CMV with
Ganciclovir
64
When CMV has a UL97 gene mutation, treat with
Foscarnet
65
CMV can cause a mononucleosis that is similar to regular mono, with the exception that the monospot test would be
Negative
66
What is the viral classification of the Varicella Virus?
Enveloped, DS DNA Virus
67
Varicella virus causes the
Chicken Pox
68
Varicella is transmitted by
Respiratory droplets
69
Has the characteristic vesicular rash that is described as dew drops on a rose petal
Varicella Zoster Virus
70
In a case of the chicken pox, every rash is in a different stage of
Healing
71
The tzank smear for a varicella zoster infection shows
Multinucleated giant cells
72
Adults who get chicken pox can also get
Pneumonia
73
The vaccine for Varicella is a
Live vaccine
74
To treat varicella, we give
Acyclovir
75
Varicella virus remains latent to
Dorsal root ganglia
76
Varicella Zoster can become reactivated in older individuals as
Shingles
77
Dew drop like vesicles on an erythematous base, reactivates and travels down dorsal root in a dermatome pattern. Rarely cross the midline
Shingles
78
If the dermatome pattern crosses the midline then it means that we are dealing with
Disseminated VCV
79
The shingles rash is very
Painful
80
We can see pain after shingles, called
Post herpetic neuralgia
81
We can also see this virus infect the trigeminal nerve and cause loss of vision. This is called
Herpes Zoster Opthalmicus
82
We should give the Zoster vaccine for shingles vaccine to adults over
60
83
HIV patients can get zoster vaccine as long as their CD4 count is
Above 200
84
We can treat Shingles and Zoster with
Acyclovir, Famcyclovir, and Valcyclovir
85
Congenital varicella syndrome causes
Limb hypoplasia, Cutaneous scarring in a dermatomal pattern, and blindness
86
What is the viral classification of Human Herpes Virus 6?
DS DNA Virus
87
Human Herpes Virus 6 results in
Roseola (6th Disease)
88
An illness that occurs between 6 months and 2 years of age, high fever, then diffuse maculopapular lacy rash that spares the face
Roseola
89
Roseola is accompanied by a maculopapular rash that spares the
Face
90
What is the fever characteristic of Roseola?
4 day fever of over 104 degrees
91
In 6th disease (Roseola) The fever lasts for 4 days and then we see the appearance of the
Rash
92
There is no treatment for Roseola, we simply must try to keep the patient
Cool
93
What is the viral classification of HHV 8 (Karposi)?
DS DNA virus of the herpes family
94
HHV8 causes
Immunosuppression
95
Commonly infects AIDS patients
HHV8
96
Erythematous violaceous lesions on nose, extremities, and mucous membranes and may be present as a plaque, patch, macule, or nodule
HHV8
97
These characteristics rise from primitive mesenchymal cells involving angiogenesis causing the
Violaceus color
98
HHV8 causes the dysregulation of
VEGF
99
Also results in introintestinal lesions
HHV8
100
The most common lesions seen with HHV8 are in the
Hard palate
