Flashcards in RNA (-) Viruses I Deck (100)
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1
What is the viral classification of the orthomyxovirus family?
RNA Neg SS enveloped viruses
2
All RNA (-) viruses bring their own
Polymerase
3
Orthomyxoviruses replicate in the
Nucleus
4
The most common cause of the flu is influenza strains
A, B, and C
5
Has 8 segments, meaning there is 8 places where it can mutate
Influenza
6
A major example of orthomyxovirus is
Influenza
7
Point mutations in the viral genome leading to changes in the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) molecules
Antigenic drift
8
What are the two major classes of influenza mutation?
Antigenic rift and antigenic shift
9
When segments are shared to form a new species
Antigenic Shift
10
Cause segment changes and Pandemics (global scale)
Antigenic shift
11
Influenza that causes epidemics and pandemics
Influenza A (via antigenic shift)
12
Influenza that causes epidemics via antigenic drift
Influenza B
13
A glycoprotein that binds to sialic acid found in membranes in Upper respiratory and RBCs causing them to clump
Hemeagglutinin (HA)
14
Define the cell tropism, i.e. cells that can be affected by influenza
HA antigens H1, H2, and H3
15
HA molecule will bind to sialic acid on the cell membrane. Then the virus is endocytosed into the cell. However, before uncoating, the pH must be changed by
M2 protein
16
Inhibit the M2 protein and thus prevent uncoating of the influenza virus
Amantadine and Rimantadine
17
Amantadine and rimantadine do allow increased
Dopamine release
18
Molecule that allowes the virus to break free from the sialic acid once it is inside the cell
Neuraminidase (NA)
19
NA inhibitors blocking release of virus
Oseltamivir/Anamivir (Tamiflu)
20
There are two types of influenza vaccine, what are they?
Killed (IM) and Live attenuated (nasal)
21
A common comorbidity with influenza is pneumonia caused by
Staph aureus
22
Caused by aspirin treatment and causing encephalitis, and hepatomegaly. Will uncouple mitochondria proton gradient along the electron transport chain in the hepatic cells
Reyes syndrome
23
Don't give kids with the flu aspirin because it can cause
Reyes syndrome
24
What is the viral classification of the parmyxovirus family
SS Negative Sense RNA
25
All negative sense RNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm. The only exception is
Orthomyxovirus
26
What is the live attenuated vaccine for paramyxovirus?
MMR (Measles and Mumps are paramyxovirus and Rubella is different)
27
What are the 4 C's to diagnose measles?
Cough, Conjunctivitis, Coryza, Koplic sign
28
Blueish spots on a red background near the molars on the mucosa caused by measles
Koplic Spots
29
Measles comes with a fever of
104 degrees
30
Maculopapular rash late, starts on the head and works down. This is a clinical manifestation of
Measles
31
Another type of rash seen with measles is
Confluence rash
32
One complication of measles is
Pneumonia
33
If you see subacute sclerosing pan enchephalitis, look for
Anti-measles antibodies in the CSF
34
One virulence factor of measles is
HA
35
In measles, cause multinucleated giant cells found in lymphoid tissue
-Causes red inclusion bodies
Fusion proteins
36
What can we give to patients with measles to reduce mortality and complications?
Vitamin A
37
Replicates in the salivary glands
Mumps
38
Has the clinical manifestation of orchitis with impaired fertility and testicular atrophy
Mumps
39
Meningitis can also happen with
Mumps
40
What are the three virulence factors of mumps?
Fusion protein, HA, and NA
41
In babies, Mumps can cause
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
42
Attaches to G protein to infect respiratory epithelial cells
Mumps
43
Most commonly in infants, and shows bronchiolitis and penumonia
Mumps
44
Causes the virulence factors to stick together in Mumps
Fusion protein
45
Can be used to treat mumps in adults
Ribavirion
46
Monoclonal IgG antibody against mumps
Palivisumab
47
What are the three forms of paramyxovirus?
Measles, Mumps, and Parainfluenza
48
Causes a seal park cough (croup)
Parainfluenza
49
What are the three virulence factors of parainfluenza?
NA, HA, and Fusion protein
50
What is the radiographic sign on x-ray that a patient has parainfluenza?
Steeple radiographic sign
51
What is the viral classification of the rhabdovirus?
Encapsulated Negative Sense RNA virus
52
The capsule for rhabdovirus looks
Bullet shaped
53
What is the shape of the nucleocapsid for rhabdovirus?
Helical nucleocapsid
54
Glycoprotein that binds to nicotinic acetocholine receptors in the membrane in the NMJ junction and will replicate there
Rhabdovirus
55
Intitially, rhabdovirus infects the synaptic receptors in the
Motor end plate
56
A popular form of rhabdovirus is
Rabies
57
Moves in a retrograde fashion
Rabies
58
Rabies replicates in
Motor neurons (dorsal roots)
59
Shows the clinical symptoms of encephalopathy and fever
Rabies
60
Diagnosis is clinical and can be confirmed with negri bodies, eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions found in hippocampus or cerebellum
Rabies
61
A characteristic feature of rabies is
Negri bodies
62
Shows eosiniphilic negri bodies
Rabies
63
Rabies infects the pyramidal cells of the
Hippocampus
64
Hold negri bodies together
Perkinje cells
65
Has an antidote w/ passive preformed antibodies IgG prior to symptoms and killed vaccine
Rabies
66
You should give a killed vaccine treatment even if you simply wake up with a
Bat in the room
67
What is the viral classification of Ebola (Filovirus)?
Enveloped Negative sense SS helical RNA virus
68
The RNA in ebola is
Helical RNA
69
A key clinical manifestation of filovirus infection is
Hemorrhagic fever and petechial rash
70
The end organ failure seen in filovirus infection is the death of the
Kidneys and Liver
71
A fatal infection
Filovirus (Ebola)
72
Characterized by extreme blood loss and shock
Ebola (filovirus)
73
What are the vectors for filovirus?
Monkeys or fruit bats
74
What is the viral classification of Bunyavirus?
Enveloped negative sense RNA virus
75
The bunya virus obtains the envelope from the
Golgi body of host cells
76
What is the segmentation classification of the Bunyavirus?
Segmented w/ 3 circular segments
77
A moquito virus that falls under bunyavirus
Arborvirus
78
What are the two main types of Bunyavirus?
Arborvirus and Hantavirus
79
Transmitted through rodents, Deer mouse urine and pellets
-Can cause death
Hantavirus
80
Causes pulmonary edema via capillary leak and prerenal azotemia
Hantavirus
81
Another major clinical manifestation of hantavirus is
Hemorrhagic fever
82
Rift valley fever and California encephalitis are two forms of bunyavirus that are from the
Ades mosquito
83
A major neurological symptom of Rift Valley Fever or California encephalitis is
Seizures
84
What is the viral classification of the arena virus?
Enveloped SS NEG Sense RNA virus
85
Has the capacity to encode both RNA negatively and RNA positively
Arena virus
86
What is the caspid shape of the arena virus?
Helical caspid
87
What is the segmentation classification of the arena virus?
Segmented virus, only 2 can reassort
88
Shows a characteristic granular sandy outer caspid on EM
Arena Virus
89
How is the arena virus transmitted in humans?
Rodent transmission
90
A form of the arena virus characterized by febrile aseptic meningitides
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCV)
91
Inactivated by heating, low pH, irradiation and detergents, just really know it’s capable of being inactivated
Arena virus
92
What is the viral classification of the Reovirus?
Naked, double stranded RNA virus
93
How many segments are there to the Reovirus?
11 segments
94
What is the major form of Reovirus?
Rotavirus
95
Rotavirus causes toxic mediated
Secretory diarrhea
96
The secretory diarrhea in rotavirus is caused by
NSP4
97
The secretory diarrhea seen in rotavirus is due to the increased permeability to
Chloride ions
98
The classic outbreak of rotavirus is in the
Winter
99
The population most at risk for Rotavirus is
Children
100
