DR: Disclosure and Inspection Flashcards

(79 cards)

1
Q

What type of obligation is required for disclosure?

A

The obligation comes from a court order.

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2
Q

When is the order for disclosure usually given?

A

On allocation or at a case management conference.

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3
Q

What are the main CPR rules related to small claims track disclosure?

A

CPR 27.4 and 27A PD Appendix B.

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4
Q

What types of disclosure orders can a court make?

A
  • Standard disclosure
  • Alternative disclosure orders
  • No order
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5
Q

What is the usual order for the small claims track regarding document submission?

A

At least 14 days before the final hearing, each party must file and serve copies of all documents they intend to rely on.

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6
Q

True or False: In fast and intermediate track cases, the court can decide the disclosure order based on the overriding objective.

A

True.

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7
Q

What must parties do in multi-track cases regarding a disclosure report?

A

Complete a disclosure report to be filed and served not less than 14 days before the first case management conference.

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8
Q

What is included in a disclosure report?

A
  • Relevant documents that exist or may exist
  • Location and custody of documents
  • Storage of electronic documents
  • Estimated costs of standard disclosure
  • Disclosure directions sought
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9
Q

What happens at the CMC regarding disclosure?

A

The court considers the disclosure report and decides the most appropriate form of disclosure order.

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10
Q

What does the court consider when making a disclosure order?

A

The overriding objective and necessity to limit disclosure.

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11
Q

What is the continuing obligation of a party in disclosure?

A

Any duty of disclosure continues until proceedings are concluded.

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: A party must disclose documents created after the original disclosure date if they fall within its _______.

A

[disclosure obligations].

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13
Q

What are the exceptions to using disclosed documents for purposes other than the proceedings?

A
  • Document read or referred to by the court in a public hearing
  • Court permission
  • Agreement between the disclosing party and the document owner
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14
Q

What is the general rule regarding copies of documents in disclosure?

A

Copies need only be disclosed if they contain modifications or the party no longer has the original.

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15
Q

What must parties do not less than seven days before the CMC in multi-track cases?

A

Consider issues in the case and discuss to agree on a draft disclosure order.

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16
Q

What is the usual path to a disclosure order in small claims track?

A

Disclosure order included in directions given on allocation.

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17
Q

True or False: In multi-track cases, there is a ‘usual’ order for disclosure.

A

False.

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18
Q

What must a party do if they have a document disclosed to them?

A

They may only use that document for the purposes of the proceedings.

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19
Q

What can the court do regarding the use of a document read at a public hearing?

A

Make an order restricting or prohibiting its use.

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20
Q

What is standard disclosure?

A

A particular form of disclosure ordered by the court, most common type of disclosure.

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21
Q

Which Civil Procedure Rules (CPR) support the concept of standard disclosure?

A

CPR 31, specifically CPR 31.4, 31.6, 31.7, 31.8, 31.10, 31.21 – 31.23.

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22
Q

What does CPR 31.6 require a party to disclose?

A
  • Documents on which he relies
  • Documents that adversely affect his own case
  • Documents that adversely affect another party’s case
  • Documents that support another party’s case
  • Documents required by a relevant practice direction
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23
Q

What is the definition of a ‘document’ according to CPR 31.4?

A

Anything that records information, including digital recordings, emails, photographs, text messages, voicemails, and metadata.

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24
Q

What does it mean for a document to be ‘in a party’s control’ (CPR 31.8)?

A
  • In physical possession of the party
  • Right to possession (e.g., documents held by an agent)
  • Right to inspect or take copies of the document
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25
What must be determined to see if a document falls within standard disclosure?
* Is it a document? * Is/was it in the party's control? * Does it fall within standard disclosure?
26
What is required for a party's obligation to disclose documents?
Documents must be relevant to the issues in dispute as revealed by the statements of case.
27
What constitutes a reasonable search for documents under standard disclosure?
* Number of documents involved * Nature and complexity of the proceedings * Difficulty/expense of retrieving documents * Significance of documents likely to be found
28
What are the three parts of a standard disclosure list?
* Control of documents, inspection permitted * Control of documents, inspection not permitted * No longer in control of documents
29
What must every list of documents include according to CPR 31.10?
A disclosure statement in the prescribed form that certifies the extent of the search, understanding of the duty to disclose, and completeness of the duty.
30
What happens if a party fails to disclose a document?
They may not rely on that document unless the court gives permission.
31
True or False: Supplemental lists may need to be prepared if additional documents come to light after the disclosure list is served.
True
32
What is the overarching principle that must be considered when determining the nature of a reasonable search?
The principle of proportionality.
33
What can be included in the disclosure statement regarding documents considered disproportionate?
Details of any documents whose inspection is considered disproportionate.
34
What is the consequence of making a false disclosure statement?
Proceedings for contempt of court may be brought against the person.
35
Fill in the blank: Standard disclosure requires a party to disclose documents which are in their control, and which they rely on, or which are _______.
adverse to their case, adverse to another party's case, support another party's case, or which a practice direction requires them to disclose.
36
What is the main focus of the element 'inspection'?
The meaning and procedure of inspection following disclosure.
37
Which Civil Procedure Rules (CPR) support the content of the inspection element?
CPR 31.1, 31.14, 31.15, 31.19, and 31.21.
38
What is the right of a party concerning document inspection?
A party has a right to inspect a document that has been disclosed, except under certain limitations.
39
What are the limitations on the right to inspect documents?
* The document is no longer in the disclosing party's control. * Allowing inspection would be disproportionate. * The disclosing party has a right or duty to withhold inspection (privilege).
40
What happens if a document is no longer in the disclosing party's control?
Inspection cannot be permitted.
41
Under what condition can a party refuse inspection due to disproportionate burden?
If the disclosing party states in its disclosure statement that inspection is not permitted and that allowing inspection would be disproportionate.
42
When can a party not refuse inspection on the grounds of disproportionality?
When the reason for disclosure is reliance on the document or a practice direction requires disclosure.
43
What is privilege in the context of document inspection?
A right or duty to withhold inspection of certain documents.
44
What types of privilege are considered most important?
* Legal advice privilege. * Litigation privilege. * Without prejudice communications.
45
What does redaction mean?
Blanking out parts of a document before inspection.
46
In what circumstances can redaction be applied to documents?
* If there is a clear privileged part of a document. * If the information is totally irrelevant to the dispute.
47
What must be done if a privileged part is included in a non-privileged document?
The privileged part should be redacted to avoid waiving privilege.
48
Can confidentiality alone justify redaction?
No, confidentiality/commercial sensitivity alone does not justify redaction.
49
What is waiver of privilege?
Deliberately allowing inspection of a privileged document if it helps a party's case.
50
What happens if a party waives privilege in part of a wholly-privileged document?
It leads to waiver of privilege over the remainder of the document, unless it deals with entirely different subject matter.
51
What is the principle 'once privileged, always privileged'?
If something is privileged in one set of proceedings, it remains privileged in all proceedings unless lost due to waiver.
52
Who has the burden of proof in disputes over privilege?
The party claiming privilege.
53
What documents can a party inspect beyond those disclosed pursuant to a court order?
* Documents referred to in a statement of case. * Witness statement. * Witness summary. * Affidavit. * Expert's report.
54
What is the procedure for a party wishing to inspect documents?
Send a written notice to the other side, and inspection must be allowed within seven days.
55
What happens if a party fails to permit inspection of a document?
They may not rely on that document unless the court gives permission.
56
What is the time frame for providing copies of documents upon request?
Copies must be provided within 7 days of receipt of the request.
57
What should be done with redacted documents in a disclosure list?
The redacted version will be listed in the first part, and the un-redacted version generically in the second part.
58
What are the three most common types of privilege?
Legal advice privilege, Litigation privilege, Without prejudice communications
59
What is the CPR rule that supports the right to inspect a disclosed document?
CPR 31.3
60
Under what conditions can a party refuse to allow inspection of a disclosed document?
The document is no longer in control, allowing inspection would be disproportionate, or the document is privileged
61
Define legal advice privilege.
A document which is a confidential communication between a lawyer and a client and was prepared for the dominant purpose of giving or receiving legal advice
62
What is a necessary element for a document to qualify for legal advice privilege?
The document must be confidential
63
True or False: Legal advice privilege applies to advice given by non-lawyers.
False
64
What does the term 'dominant purpose' refer to in the context of legal advice privilege?
The primary reason for creating the document must be to obtain legal advice
65
What is litigation privilege?
A document which is a confidential communication that passed between the lawyer and his client or a third party, where the dominant purpose is to obtain legal advice, evidence or information for use in litigation
66
What is required for litigation to be considered 'reasonably in prospect'?
Litigation must be a real likelihood, not a mere possibility
67
Define without prejudice communications.
A document whose purpose is a genuine attempt to settle a dispute
68
True or False: A document must be marked 'without prejudice' for the privilege to apply.
False
69
What happens if a privilege is waived?
The document can be seen by the court
70
Fill in the blank: A useful definition of litigation privilege is 'A document which is a confidential communication which passed between the lawyer and his client or between one of them and a third party, where the _______ in creating the document is to obtain legal advice, evidence or information for use in the conduct of litigation.'
[dominant purpose]
71
What are some examples of communications covered under litigation privilege?
Memoranda from one lawyer to a colleague, drafts of statements of case
72
What is the test for determining the dominant purpose of a document?
The test is one of dominance, not exclusivity
73
What does the term 'substance not form' mean in relation to without prejudice communications?
The court looks at the genuine intent behind the document, not just its labeling
74
What is the implication of documents marked 'without prejudice save as to costs'?
The court can see the document's contents when considering costs
75
What types of privilege are not covered in this element?
Common interest privilege, privilege against self-incrimination, public interest immunity
76
What does it mean if a client repeats legal advice internally?
It may retain privilege if it's considered a repetition of the lawyer's advice
77
What is the significance of the case Balabel v Air India in the context of legal advice privilege?
It established that wider communications ancillary to legal advice are privileged
78
What does the case Three Rivers District Council v Governor and Company of the Bank of England illustrate regarding legal advice privilege?
It confirmed that advice given through 'legal spectacles' falls under legal advice privilege
79
Why is confidentiality crucial in both legal advice and litigation privilege?
It ensures that clients can seek legal advice without fear of disclosure