DR1: back and shoulder

Question 1

What is the function of the superficial muscles of the back?

Answer 1

Attach pectoral girdle to trunk

Question 2

What is the origin, insertion and function of the UPPER trapezius fibres?

Answer 2

Origin: external occipital protuberance of skull, spinous processes of cervical vertebrae
Insertion: clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
Function: elevate scapula

Question 3

What is the origin, insertion and function of the MIDDLE trapezius fibres?

Answer 3

Origin: spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: spine of scapula
Function: retraction

Question 4

What is the origin, insertion and function of the LOWER trapezius fibres?

Answer 4

Origin: spinous processes of lower thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: spine of scapula
Function: depress scapula

Question 5

What is the origin, insertion and function of the rhomboids?

Answer 5

Origin: spinous process C7 and upper 5 thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: medial border scapula
Function: retract and elevate scapula

Question 6

What is the origin, insertion and function of the latissimus dorsi?

Answer 6

Origin: thoracolumbar fascia of back
Insertion: floor of inter tubercular sulcus of humerus
Function: adduction, medial rotation

Question 7

What is the origin, insertion and function of serratus anterior?

Answer 7

Origin: upper 8 ribs
Insertion: medial border scapula
Function: protraction of scapula

Question 8

Where do the deep muscles sit?

Answer 8

Between spinous processes of vertebrae and angle of ribs

Question 9

What is the largest group of the deep muscles?

Answer 9

Erector spinae

Question 10

What are the 3 muscles that make up erector spinae?

Answer 10

Spinales
Longissimus
Iliocostalis

Question 11

What is the origin and insertion of spinales?

Answer 11

Origin: erector spinae aponeurosis
Insertion: thoracic spinous processes and skull

Question 12

What is the origin and insertion of longissimus?

Answer 12

Origin: Erector spinae aponeurosis
Insertion: Thoracic and cervical transverse processes

Question 13

What is the origin and insertion of iliocostalis?

Answer 13

Origin: erector spinae aponeurosis
Insertion: ribs

Question 14

What is the erector spinae aponeurosis?

Answer 14

A broad, thick tendon at the base of the back

Question 15

Where does multifidus lie?

Answer 15

Under erector spinae

Question 16

What is the origin, insertion and function of the multifidus?

Answer 16

Origin: transverse processes
Insertion: spinous processes
Function: stabilises back and extends vertebral column

Question 17

What makes up the pectoral girdle?

Answer 17

Scapula

Clavicle

Question 18

What is the main function of the pectoral girdle?

Answer 18

Support upper limb

Question 19

Where does the pectoral girdle articulate with the trunk?

Answer 19

At the sternoclavicular joint

Question 20

What are the parts of the scapula?

Answer 20

Acromion
Coracoid
Glenoid fossa
Suprascapular notch
Superior angle
Subscapular fossa
Supraspinous fossa
Spine
Infraspinous fossa

Question 21

What are the parts of the humerus?

Answer 21

Anatomical neck
Surgical neck
Greater tubercle
Lesser tubercle
Bicipital groove
Deltoid tuberosity
Head of humerus

Question 22

Describe the glenohumeral joint

Answer 22

Shallow articulation between head of humerus and glenoid fossa of scapula
Synovial ball and socket joint

Question 23

What forms the quadrangular space?

Answer 23

Teres minor
Teres major
Shaft of humerus
Long head of triceps brachii

Question 24

What are the 3 parts of the axilla?

Answer 24

Apex (inlet)
Base
Walls

Question 25

What forms the apex of the axilla?

Answer 25

Anteriorly - clavicle Medially - 1st rib Posteriorly - superior border of scapula

Question 26

What forms the base of the axilla?

Answer 26

Skin | Subcutaneous tissue

Question 27

What forms the anterior wall of the axilla?

Answer 27

Pectoralis major | Pectoralis minor muscles

Question 28

What forms the posterior wall of the axilla?

Answer 28

Teres major Latissimus dorsi Subscapularis muscle

Question 29

What forms the medial wall of the axilla?

Answer 29

Serratus anterior muscle

Question 30

What forms the lateral wall of the axilla?

Answer 30

Shaft of humerus

Question 31

What is contained within the axilla?

Answer 31

Axillary artery and its branches Axillary vein and its tributaries Lymph vessels and nodes Brachial plexus

Question 32

What forms the scalene triangle?

Answer 32

Anterior and middle scalene muscles and 1st rib

Question 33

When does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?

Answer 33

When it crosses teres major

Question 34

What divides the axillary artery into 3 parts?

Answer 34

Pectoralis minor

Question 35

Describe the path of the cephalic vein

Answer 35

Passes through deltopectoral groove to join axillary vein within axilla

Question 36

What are the terminal branches of the brachial plexus?

Answer 36

Musculocutaneous Ulnar Radial Axillary

Question 37

What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 37

Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis

Question 38

What is the origin and insertion of the supraspinatus muscle?

Answer 38

Origin: supraspinous fossa Insertion: anterior facet on greater tubercle of humerus

Question 39

What is the origin and insertion of the infraspinatus muscle?

Answer 39

Origin: infraspinous fossa Insertion: middle facet on greater tubercle of humerus

Question 40

What is the origin and insertion of the terms minor?

Answer 40

Origin: dorsal aspect of lateral border of scapula Insertion: lowest facet on greater tubercle of humerus

Question 41

What is the origin and insertion of the subscapularis?

Answer 41

Origin: sub scapular fossa Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus

Question 42

What are the positions of the rotator cuff in relation to the joint?

Answer 42

Superior is supraspinatus Posterior is infraspinatus and teres minor Anterior is subscapularis

Question 43

What is the origin, insertion and function of the teres major muscle?

Answer 43

Origin: inferior angle of scapula Insertion: medial lip of inter tubercular sulcus of humerus Function: adduction, medial rotation

Question 44

What is the origin, insertion and function of the deltoid?

Answer 44

Origin: lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus Function: abductor

Question 45

What is the fibrous joint capsule around the glenohumeral joint attached to?

Answer 45

Rim of glenoid fossa | Anatomical neck of humerus

Question 46

What does the coracoacromial ligament do?

Answer 46

Stabilises glenohumeral joint by forming an arch superiorly over the joint

Question 47

What do the glenohumeral ligaments do?

Answer 47

Stabilise the glenohumeral joint anteriorly

Question 48

What does the glenoid labrum do?

Answer 48

Deepens glenoid fossa to increase glenohumeral joint stabilisation