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Module 204 MSK & Immune system > T2 L7 Anatomy of the forearm > Flashcards

T2 L7 Anatomy of the forearm Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

What type of joint is the elbow joint and what movement does it allow?

A

Synovial hinge joint for flexion / extension

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2
Q

What type of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint and what type of movement does this allow?

A

Pivot joint for supination / pronation

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3
Q

What are the 3 ligaments of the forearm?

A

Radial collateral ligament
Ulnar collateral ligament
Annular ligament

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4
Q

Describe the radial collateral ligament

A

From lateral epicondyle and blends with annular ligament of radius

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5
Q

Describe the ulnar collateral ligament

A

From medial epicondyle and attaches to coronoid process and olecranon of ulna

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6
Q

Describe the annular ligament

A

Forms a cuff around proximal radioulnar joint to hold radial head in place

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7
Q

What is the cubital fossa?

A

Triangle region over anterior elbow

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8
Q

What is the cubital fossa bordered by?

A

Line joining lateral epicondyle and medial epicondyle
Brachioradialis
Pronator teres

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9
Q

What is contained in the cubital fossa?

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve to forearm
Biceps tendon
Brachial artery
Median nerve

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10
Q

What does the medial cubital vein do?

A

Drains anterior forearm

Forms bridge between basilic and cephalic vein

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11
Q

What are the 2 compartments of the forearm?

A 
Flexor compartment (anterior forearm)
Extensor compartment (posterior forearm)
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12
Q

What are the 3 groups of muscles in the anterior forearm?

A

Superficial muscles
Intermediate muscles
Deep muscles

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13
Q

What muscles are in the superficial layer of the anterior forearm?

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnari

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14
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of pronator teres?

A

Origin: medial epicondyle (CFO), coronoid process of ulna
Insertion: mid-shaft of radius
Function: pronation of forearm
Innervation: median nerve

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15
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of flexor carpi radialis?

A

Origin: medial epicondyle (CFO)
Insertion: base of metacarpals II and III
Function: flexion and abduction at wrist
Innervation: median nerve

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16
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of palmaris longus?

A

Origin: Medial epicondyle (CFO)
Insertion: flexor retinaculum of wrist
Function: flexion at wrist
Innervation: median nerve

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17
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Origin: medial epicondyle (CFO) and ulna
Insertion: pisiform carpal bone
Function: flexion and adduction at wrist
Innervation: ulnar nerve

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18
Q

What is Golfers elbow?

A

Epicondylitis at CFO

Tendon inflammation due to overuse / excessive gripping

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19
Q

What muscle is in the intermediate layer of the anterior compartment?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

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20
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Origin: CFO (medial epicondyle)
Insertion: 4 tendons go to middle phalanges of digits 2-5
Function: flexion at metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5, flexion at wrist
Innervation: median nerve

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21
Q

What are the muscles in the deep layer of the anterior compartment?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus

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22
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Origin: ulna and interosseous membrane
Insertion: distal phalanges of digit 2-5
Innervation: ulnar and median nerve
Function: flex distal interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal and wrist joints

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23
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of flexor policis longus?

A

Origin: anterior surface radius and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Distal phalanx of digit 1
Function: flexes interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb
Innervation: median nerve

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24
Q

What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of pronator quadratus?

Study These Flashcards
A

Origin: anterior surface of ulna
Insertion: anterior surface of radius
Function: pronates forearm
Innervation: median nerve

25
What are the 2 groups of muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Superficial | Deep
26
What are the superficial muscles in the posterior compartment?
``` Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor carpi ulnaris Brachioradialis Anconeus ```
27
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of extensor carpi radialis brevis?
Origin: lateral epicondyle (CEO) Insertion: metacarpal bones II and III Function: extends and abducts wrist Innervation: radial nerve
28
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of extensor carpi radialis longus?
Origin: supracondylar ridge Insertion: metacarpal bones II and III Function: extends and abducts wrist Innervation: radial nerve
29
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of extensor digitorum?
Origin: lateral epicondyle Insertion: 4 tendons insert into digits 2-5 in middle and distal phalanges Function: extends digits 2-5 Innervation: radial nerve
30
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of extensor digiti minimi?
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: extensor hood of digit 5 Function: extends digit 5 Innervation: radial nerve
31
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of extensor carpi ulnaris?
Origin: lateral epicondyle humerus Insertion: dorsal side metacarpal 5 Function: extension and adduction of wrist Innervation: radial nerve
32
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of brachioradialis?
Origin: Proximal aspect of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Insertion: distal end of radius Function: flexion at elbow Innervation: radial nerve
33
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of anconeus?
Origin: lateral epicondyle Insertion: posterior and lateral parts of olecranon Function: stabilises and extends elbow. abducts ulna during pronation of forearm Innervation: radial nerve
34
What is tennis elbow?
Epicondylitis at CEO | Tendon inflammation due to overuse / forceful extension
35
What muscles form the deep layer in the posterior compartment?
``` Supinator Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus Extensor indicis ```
36
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of supinator?
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, posterior surface of ulna Insertion: posterior surface of radius Function: supinates forearm Innervation: radial nerve
37
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of abductor pollicis longus?
Origin: interosseous membrane and posterior surfaces of radius and ulna Insertion: lateral side of base of metacarpal I Function: abducts thumb Innervation: radial nerve
38
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of extensor pollicis brevis?
Origin: posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of thumb Function: extends at metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints of thumb Innervation: radial nerve
39
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of extensor pollicis longus?
Origin: posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane Insertion: distal phalanx of thumb Function: extends all joints of thumb Innervation: radial nerve
40
What is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of extensor indicis?
Origin: posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane Insertion: extensor hood of digit 2 Function: extend digit 2 Innervation: radial nerve
41
What are the borders of the anatomical snuff box?
Medially - tendons of extensor pollicis longus Laterally - tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis Proximally - styloid process of radius Floor - carpal bones, scaphoid, trapezium Roof - skin
42
What muscles perform wrist abduction?
Flexor carpi radialis | Extensor carpi radialis (longus and brevis)
43
What muscles perform wrist adduction?
Flexor carpi ulnaris | Extensor carpi ulnaris
44
What muscles perform supination?
Biceps brachii | Supinator
45
What muscles perform pronation?
Pronator teres | Pronator quadratus
46
What is the function of flexor retinaculum?
Prevents bowing of tendons
47
What is contained in the carpal tunnel?
Median nerve Flexor pollicis longus Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor digitorum profundus
48
What is carpal tunnel syndrome?
Median nerve compression due to increased pressure in carpal tunnel Associated with trauma, obesity and pregnancy
49
What is the function of extensor retinaculum?
Prevents bowing of tendons | Separates tendons into compartments
50
What does the brachial artery divide into?
Radial artery | Ulnar artery
51
What muscle does the radial artery pass under?
Brachioradialis
52
What muscle does the ulnar artery pass under?
Flexor carpi ulnaris
53
What artery does the common interosseous branch from?
Ulnar artery
54
What are the 2 branches of the radial nerve?
``` Superficial branch (sensory) Deep branch (motor) ```
55
What does the superficial branch of the radial nerve supply?
Lateral dorsum of hand
56
What does the deep branch of the radial nerve supply?
Posterior compartment
57
What does the anterior interosseous nerve branch from?
Median nerve
58
What does the median nerve supply?
Motor: anterior compartment except FCU / medial part FDP Sensory: lateral palm, D1, D2, D3, 1/2 D4
59
What does the ulnar nerve supply?
Motor: FCU and medial part FDP Sensory: medial hand, 1/2 D4, D5

Module 204 MSK & Immune system (44 decks)

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