Soliloquy
When a character is on stage alone, and talks to him/herself
Monologue
A character is on stage with others, but has a long passage
Aside
When a character bypasses the actors and speaks directly to the audience. The other actors pretend not to hear
Dramatic Irony
The audience knows things the characters do not
Verbal Irony
When the opposite of what’s intended is spoken. Also known as sarcasm
Situational Irony
The opposite of what is expected happens
Pun
A play on words, usually depending on a double meaning
Imagery
References that can be observed with the five senses
Allusion
Things in a text that refer or connect to other things – “the Bible” or mythology etc.