Drawing skills, angio, variables, scientific method, classification of living

Question 1

What is a cotyledon

Answer 1

An embryonic leaf/ seed that is a structure of stored energy

Question 2

What is a monocot

Answer 2

A plant with one cotyledon in its seed

Question 3

What does the angiosperm seed contain

Answer 3

The young plant embryo and stored nutrients

Question 4

Where is the food of a plant stored

Answer 4

Within cotyledon or endosperm

Question 5

Give the order of seed germination

Answer 5

1. The radicle emerges first and grows downwards into soil
2. The plumule is next to emerge developing into stem and leaves
3. The shoot tip needs to be protected until above ground level

Question 6

What happens in monocots for seed germination

Answer 6

A protective sheath (coloptile) leads the plumule through the soil

Question 7

What happens in dicots for seed germination

Answer 7

The cotyledons are pulled above ground level before shoot tip emerges

Question 8

Explain the seeds of flowers

Answer 8

Dicots - 2 cotyledons

Monocots - 1 cotyledon

Question 9

Explain the roots of flowers

Answer 9

Dicots - taproot system

Monocots - fibrous root system

Question 10

Explain the stems of flowers

Answer 10

Dicot - woody , herbaceous

Monocot - herbaceous (green)

Question 11

Explain the leaves of flowers

Answer 11

Dicots - netlike veins

Monocots - parallel veins

Question 12

Explain the flower parts of a flower

Answer 12

Dicot - multiples in 4 or 5

Monocots - multiples of 3

Question 13

Why are roots seperated into different regions

Answer 13

Each regions has different types of plant tissue to perform specific functions

Question 14

Explain the mature region of a root

Answer 14

Root grows wider and may produce secondary roots .
Secondary roots anchor plant securely in soil
Each secondary root has same structure as main root

Question 15

Explain the root hair region of a root

Answer 15

Many very thin hairs grow out of the epidermis of the root .
Individual hair only lives few days before soil rubs it off
Constantly replaced by eoidermal cells of this region

Question 16

Explain the region of elongation In a root

Answer 16

Cells formed in this region grow longer

Root grows longer and pushes the tip through the soil

Question 17

Explain the meristematic region

Answer 17

Cells constantly divide to produce new cells

Question 18

Explain the root cap region of a plant

Answer 18

Smooth and slippery
Covers tips of all roots
Protects meristem from injury
Helps protect root tip to slide through soil easier
Cells rubbed of by soil and replaced by cells from meristem

Question 19

What do root hairs grow around

Answer 19

The soil grains

Question 20

What do root hairs actually do

Answer 20

Absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil

Question 21

Explain the epidermis of the root

Answer 21

Main function is to protect underlying tissue
Outer layer of cells
If increased surface area , area of absorption increases
Protects inner tissues of root from damage and bacteria

Question 22

Why do roots not have a waxy cuticle

Answer 22

Waxy cuticle prevents water loss , roots absorb water

Question 23

Why do we have modified roots

Answer 23

Some plants have roots that are modified to perform addictions functions to the plant

Question 24

Explain roots

Answer 24

Largest organ of the plant

Root systems are as large as or larger then above ground parts of plant

Question 25

What are the functions of a root

Answer 25

Securely anchor plants in soil Absorb water and minerals from soil Storage of food

Question 26

What are the different root systems

Answer 26

Taproot and fibrous root system

Question 27

Explain tap root system

Answer 27

``` One main (primary) root with smaller (secondary/lateral) roots branching away for it Dicot ```

Question 28

Explain fibrous root systems

Answer 28

``` Several roots (fibrous/adventitious) of the same size developing from the base of the stem Monocot ```

Question 29

Explain the stem

Answer 29

Grow above soil towards sun Leaves , flowers grow from stem Require supporting tissue Exposed to strong winds which bend them

Question 30

What are the functions of the stems

Answer 30

Support leaves and reproductive structures Provide internal transport of substances Produce new living tissue

Question 31

What does a stomata do

Answer 31

Little paws for water loss

Question 32

What is a xylem

Answer 32

Transports water

Question 33

What is a phloelem

Answer 33

Transports food

Question 34

What is a apical bud

Answer 34

At the tip of a stem

Question 35

What is a node

Answer 35

Point at which leaf attaches to stem

Question 36

What is the internode

Answer 36

Space between 2 nodes / leaves

Question 37

What is the axil

Answer 37

The angle between leaf and stem

Question 38

What is auxiliary bud

Answer 38

Bud growing from axil (gives rise to lateral branches)

Question 39

What is the leaf scar

Answer 39

Where leaves were attached or where branches broken off

Question 40

What are the lenticles

Answer 40

Small , slightly raised pores

Question 41

What is the sheath

Answer 41

Part of leaf that folds around the stem

Question 42

What are modified stems

Answer 42

Like roots , some plants have modified stems to perform additional functions

Question 43

Explain the leaf

Answer 43

``` Limited growth Stops growing , mature , functions then falls of stem Many shapes and sizes Major photosynthetic organ Large surface area Positioned to receive max sun ```

Question 44

Explain photosynthesis

Answer 44

All life on earth depends on photosynthetic ability of plants

Question 45

What is the process of photosynthesis

Answer 45

Production of glucose and oxygen , from the reaction of water and carbon dioxide in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll

Question 46

What is the functions of s leaf

Answer 46

Photosynthesis ( main) Gaseous exchange Transpiration (water loss) Protection

Question 47

What are the two types of leaves and how are they classified

Answer 47

Simple leaves and compound leaves , classified by looking at the Lamina (lead blade)

Question 48

Explain a simple leaf

Answer 48

Lamina consists of one piece | Monocots and dicots

Question 49

Explain a compound leaf

Answer 49

Lamina made of many leaflets from one petiole | Just Dicot

Question 50

Name The external features of a leaf

Answer 50

Lamina / leaf blade , margin , Alex , veins , petiole / leaf stalk

Question 51

Explain a Lamina / leaf blade

Answer 51

Thin , soft , flexible , flat , large surface area allows max absorption

Question 52

Explain a margin of a leaf

Answer 52

Edge of Lamina | Smooth or rough

Question 53

Explain a apex of a leaf

Answer 53

The tip of Lamina

Question 54

Explain the veins of a leaf

Answer 54

Contain vascular bundles to transport food / water Provide support for leaf Main vein is midrib

Question 55

Explain the petiole/ lead stalk of a leaf

Answer 55

Connects leaf to stem Holds leaf in best position for sun In monocots no distinct petiole instead has sheath that wraps sound stem (sessile leaf)

Question 56

Explain a stomata

Answer 56

Singular is stoma Majority found in lower epidermis of leaf Pierced by tiny air pores Allows gaseous exchange Opening and closing of stomata controls movement of co2 and o2 between the leaf and outside environment

Question 57

What is released during photosynthesis

Answer 57

Oxygen

Question 58

When are stomata usually closed and why

Answer 58

At night , when no photosynthesis takes place because of no sun

Question 59

What do stomata do during the process of transpiration

Answer 59

Allow release of water vapor

Question 60

What does Dorsi- ventral mean

Answer 60

A leaf with distinct upper and lower surfaces ( different from eachother) Monocot

Question 61

Explain iso-bilateral

Answer 61

Both upper and lower surfaces of leaf are identical | Dicot plants

Question 62

What is the main function of green leaves

Answer 62

Photosynthesis