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Exology Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

What is an organism

A

Any form of life

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2
Q

What is a species

A

Individuals similar in appearance, behaviour and Chromosomes
Can breed with eachother to produce fertile offspring

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3
Q

Population

A

All the individuals of the same species living in a particular place. Live close enough to breed together

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4
Q

What is community

A

Made up of all the populations of all the different species in a particular place

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5
Q

Ecosystem

A

Unit in nature made up of living (biotic ) and non living (abiotic) things that interact with eachother

A number of communities together with their physical enviroment

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6
Q

Biosphere

A

The parts of the earth, where living organisms exist

Atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere

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7
Q

What does ecology involve

A

The study of ecosystems , of relationships between organisms and their abiotic and biotic enviroment

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8
Q

Abiotic factors

A

The non living components of the enviroment

Soil, water,temp, sun

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9
Q

Biotic factors

A

The living organisms found in the enviroment

Plants, animals, micro oganjsms

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10
Q

Biomes

A

Biosphere is further divided into different aquatic and terrestrial biomes. Regions of the earth where specific types of plants and amimals are found , depending on the climate

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11
Q

Community

A

Consists of naturally occurring groups of organisms living together in the same area
Lions , impala , birds and thorn trees

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12
Q

Habitat

A

Physical place or enviroment organism lives in

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13
Q

Population

A

Group of organisms from the same species , that live in the same Area . That interbreed with eachother

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14
Q

Auto graphics / producers

A

Organisms that can produce their own food during photosynthesis.
Cacti, aloes , water lillies , fruit

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15
Q

Heretrophs / consumers

A

Organisms that can’t produce their own food, feed on plants and other animals
Zebra, leopereds, hawks and snakes

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16
Q

Food chain

A

Order in which organisms feed on eachother . Beginning with producer

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17
Q

Trophic levels

A

Feeding levels within a food chain

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18
Q

Omnivores

A

Organisms which feed on both plants and animals

Humans , pigs and baboons

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19
Q

Scavengers

A

Animals that feed on the remains of dead organisms

Hyenas, vultures, crayfish

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20
Q

Decomposers/ salhrotrophs of saprophytes

A

Organisms that break down dead organisms or their waste into nutrients in the soil for plant roots to use,
Fungi , bacteria

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21
Q

Parasites

A

Organisms both plants and animals that obtain their food from a living host
Tapeworm, flees,barnacles

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22
Q

Food webs

A

In reality organisms have various food sources , many organisms feed on the same things within an ecosystem

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23
Q

Competition

A

When more than one organism feeds on the same source in an ecosystem . It ensures a balance in the ecosystem
Plants compete for water , sun
Animals compete for food water space

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24
Q

Interspecific competition

Study These Flashcards
A

Competition that exists between organisms of different species

25
Intraspecifc competetion
Competetion that exists between organisms of the same species
26
Biodiversity
The variety of living organisms in our natural world | Species, genetic , ecology
27
Niche
The role of the organism in the community | Particular place organism does job
28
What is a biome
And area of the earth that have similar species , comparable climates and consistent soil type
29
What is the world divided up into
Areas called biomes
30
What does each biome contain
Has its own set of environmental conditions and a unique set of plants and animals that live there
31
What affects the distibution of species in an ecosystem
Rainfall, Tempreature, soil types and the types of plant and animal life found in these areas
32
Why are conservation and preservation vital issues of biomes
They play a huge role in altering the biomes
33
What is fynbos known as
Cape floral kingdom
34
How is the cape floral kingdom different from the other 5 floral kingdoms
It is the smallest and richest floral kingdom
35
What is fynbos nearest rival
South American forest
36
What does endemic mean
Found nowhere else in the world
37
What does it mean if things are endemic
They are threatened with extinction
38
Why can fynbos support Herds of large mammals
The nutrient poor soil don't provide enough nitrogen for the protein requirements of large mammals
39
What small animals are found in fynbos
Chacma baboon, grysbok , Dessie's and the striped mouse
40
What birds does the fynbos biome support
Not large amounts of birds , Cape sugar bird and organebreasted sunbird
41
Why are the little bird very important in fynbos
They play an important role in pollinating flowers including ericas and proteas from which they drink nectar
42
What large numbers of butterfly does fynbos support
Myrmecophilous
43
What is the worlds second rarest turtle , that lives in fynbos
Geometric tortoise
44
How much percent of South Africa's rare and threatened fynbos plants are found in fynbos
75 percent
45
Name 3 threats of fynbos
Spread of alien plants like hakea, roiikrans, pine trees Frequent fires in the wrong season Commercial afforestation (development of housing estates and farms)
46
What are solution to the threats of fynbos name 3
Promotion of public awareness of cape floral kingdom Encouraging land owners to care for fynbos Setting aside important areas of land as nature reserves or national parks
47
What is something you can do to help fynbos
Join the botanical society of South Africa , and learn about fynbos ecology and how to grow indeignous plants
48
What does ecology deal with
Things larger than cells, tissues , organs and organ systems But smaller than the earth , planets , solar system
49
Decribe the Savanah ecoregion
Open woodland, famous for big 5, understorey of grass , rainfall is mainly in summer, grass and shrubs
50
Describe the grassland ecoregion
Sea level to over 2000 m, richness of species , different grassland types, rainfall is mainly in summer , duikers and small rodents , grass and wildflowers, perinnial rivers
51
Describe the estuarine ecoregion
Where rivers meet sea , marine fish
52
Describe the forest ecoregion
Smallest biome,giant trees, ferns and mosses, bush pig , bush buck, most threatened, summer rainfall
53
Thicket ecoregion
Sparse to dense, evergreen shrubs, some trees , huge variety of woody plant species , low wind
54
Describe the marine ecoregion
Deep ocean , shallow subtidal , rocky shores , sandy beaches, coastal dunes
55
Describe the fynbos ecoregion
``` Cool wet winters, hot dry summers Proteas, ericas, restios Grysbok, Cape sugar bird, protea seed eater Leopards, baboons , eagles, porcupines Frequent winds Nutrient poor soil ```
56
Freshwater ecoregion
Rivers, streams , wetlands, | Natural sponges for water storage and purification
57
Succulent Karoo ecoregion
Annual flower display , succulent plant species , rainfall is winter, warm temp all year round,
58
Nama Karoo ecoregion
Namaland area of Namibia , Karoo reg of SA , semi dessert, low rainfall, cold winter, small shrubs and grasses, succulent species (retain water, no water in desert)

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