Drug Info

Question 1

References for identification / availability (DI)

Answer 1

1. MIMS
2. Mediview
3. HSA

Question 2

References for IV Infusion (DI)

Answer 2

1. Product Insert
2. Trissels (injectable Drugs)
3. Paediatric Injectable drugs (Teddy bear)

Question 3

References for Parental Compatibility (DI)

Answer 3

1. Trissel’s
2. King’s guide
3. Lexi-Comp

Question 4

References for Pregnancy & Lactation (DI)

Answer 4

1. Briggs (drugs in pregnancy & lactation)
2. Micromedex / Lexi-Comp
3. Hales (lactation)

Question 5

References for Dosing (DI)

Answer 5

1. Lexi-Comp Drugs
2. Micromedex
3. BNF

Question 6

References for choice of therapy (DI)

Answer 6

1. Pharmacotherapy textbooks
2. MOH / ACE / CLinical Societies Guidelines
3. UpToDate

Question 7

References for adverse drug reactions (DI)

Answer 7

1. Micromedex
2. Lexi-Comp / UpToDate
3. Meyler’s Side effects of Drugs

Question 8

References for Drug Interaction (DI)

Answer 8

1. Micromedex
2. Lexi-Comp
3. Stockley’s Drug interaction

Question 9

DI: Identification / Availability responses (5)

Answer 9

1. Generic and brand name of drug (Spell out)
2. Origin & use of drugs
3. Available form & strength of drug
4. Category (POM/ P+/ P / OTC)
5. If not available - consider alternatives, refer to respective pharmacies/source

Question 10

DI: IV infusion responses (5)

Answer 10

1. Reconstitute
2. Withdraw
3. Dilute
4. Time run over
5. Storage

Question 11

DI: Parental compatibility

Answer 11

1. If compatible: Concentration & diluent
2. If not: reason (Precipitation? Chemical degradation, data not good enough)
3. Consider possibility of drug interactions between the drugs

Question 12

DI: pregnancy responses (5)

Answer 12

1. Benefit v.s risk for both mother & child
2. Ratings
3. Alternatives & non-pharms to limit drug use
4. Monitoring
5. How to minimise exposure

Question 13

DI: lactation responses

Answer 13

1. Milk to plasma ratio ( > 1 = more concentrated in milk)
2. Relative Infant Dose (safe if < 10%)

Question 14

DI: Dosing & Choice of therapy responses (5)

Answer 14

1. Route
2. Dose & frequency
3. Dose Adjustment & max dose (impairment, weight)
4. Monitoring parameters
5. Administration

Question 15

DI: ADR responses (7)

Answer 15

1. Signs and Symptoms
2. Frequency of ADRs
3. MOA of ADR (dose-related / DDI)
4. Onset? Reversible?
   * If reversible - time to recovery
5. Management - Drug: Reduce dose, Discontinue or Switch?
6. Alternatives - is it a class effect?
7. Reporting to HSA - if new health product (<5 years), serious ADR or unexpected ADR

Question 16

DI: Drug Interaction responses (5)

Answer 16

1. Signs & Symptoms
2. Lab changes
3. MOA (categories)
4. Onset, severity, duration, significance
5. Alternatives
6. Categories and References

Question 17

DI Categories (8)

Answer 17

1. Drug Identification and Availability
2. Preparation for IV infusion
3. Parenteral Compatibility
4. Pregnancy
5. Lactation
6. Dosing and Choice of Therapy
7. Adverse Drug Reactions
8. Drug-Drug Interaction

Question 18

References for Special Populations (Paed/Geriatric) - Dosing/Choice of Therapy

Answer 18

Paediatric - Lexi-Comp, BNF for children
Geriatric - Lexi-Comp

Question 19

References for Special Populations (Renal) - Dosing/Choice of Therapy

Answer 19

1. The Renal Drug Handbook
2. Drug Prescribing in Renal Failure: Dosing Guideline for Adults
3. Renal Pharmacotherapy: Dosage Adjustment of Medications Eliminated by The Kidneys

Question 20

References for Special Populations (Hepatic) - Dosing/Choice of Therapy

Answer 20

1. Drugs and The Liver

Question 21

References for Abx Therapy

Answer 21

Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy

Question 22

References for Enteral Feeding

Answer 22

Handbook of Drug Administration via Enteral Feeding Tube

Question 23

Response (Lactation): Formulas

Answer 23

1. Milk to Plasma Ratio
   - < 1 –> equal transfer into milk from plasma
   - > 1 –> more concentrated in milk than plasma
2. Relative Infant Dose (RID) = [Infant dose in milk (mg/kg/day) / Maternal dose (mg/kg/day)] x 100%
   - Safe if <10%