Drug Interactions

Question 1

What the drug does to the body

Answer 1

Pharmodynamics

Question 2

Aminoglycosides, such as tobramycin, can potentiate the effect of ____ and _____, causing prolonged neuromuscular blockade

Answer 2

Succinylcholine and tubocurarine

Question 3

Drug/drug and drug/food interactions can occur at _______ phases of drug disposition

Answer 3

All

Question 4

Altered by pH, transport, chelation, and biotransformation

Answer 4

Absorption

Question 5

When co-administered with a tetracycline, such as doxycycline, may bind to the antibiotic and cause decreased absorption

Answer 5

Antacid

Question 6

Calcium, magnesium, or aluminum present in ____ binds with tetracycline

Answer 6

Antacid

Question 7

Cholestyramine binds _____ to decrease bioavailability

Answer 7

Digoxin

Question 8

_______ and ________ binds Mycophenolate mofetil causing a decreased effect of the immunosuppressant

Answer 8

Ferrous sulfate and calcium

Question 9

Precipitant drugs that decrease gastric motility, may affect the rate, but not the extent of _______ of object drugs

Answer 9

Absorption

Question 10

________ decrease gastric motility and rate of absorption

Answer 10

Anticholinergics (amitriptyline)

Question 11

Slow gastric motility

Answer 11

Opiates (morphine)

Question 12

Precipitant drugs that increase gastric motility result in a shorter time and greater peak effect, but do not change extent of

Answer 12

Absorption

Question 13

Stimulates gastric motility

Answer 13

Metoclopramide

Question 14

H2 blockers (cimetidine and ranitidine) increase stomach pH and decrease ________ absorption

Answer 14

Ketoconazole

Question 15

________ cause decreased atazanavir and itraconazole absorption

Answer 15

Proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole)

Question 16

Inhibition of P-glycoprotein (PGP) in apical membrane of enterocytes will ___________ absorption of drugs that are normally excreted by this transporter

Answer 16

Increase

Question 17

Many substrates for _____ are also substrates for PGP

Answer 17

CYP3A4

Question 18

Ketoconazole is an inhibitor of

Answer 18

PGP/CYP3A4

Question 19

Inhibits CYP3A4 and activates PGP (counteracts some of the CYP450 inhibition)

Answer 19

Grapefruit juice

Question 20

Partially converted to an inactive form by normal flora in the gut. Antibiotics may reduce normal flora, causing higher serum levels of this drug

Answer 20

Digoxin

Question 21

Bactrim can displace protein bound

Answer 21

Warfarin

Question 22

Induces increased metabolism of asthmatic agent theophylline when exposed to aromatic hydrocarbons in smokers

Answer 22

CYP1A2

Question 23

Metabolism of 50% of clinically useful drugs

Answer 23

CYP3A4

Question 24

Metabolism of 30% of clinically useful drugs, including SSRIs, beta blockers, and pain relievers

Answer 24

CYP2D6

Question 25

May increase drug levels of the drug has active metabolites

Answer 25

Enzyme induction

Question 26

Phenytoin, rifampin, and carbamazepine

Answer 26

Major inducers

Question 27

Reduces drug metabolism, causing increased drug concentrations that may lead to an increased therapeutic reponse and/or toxicity

Answer 27

Enzyme inhibition

Question 28

Ketoconazole, cimetidine, erythromycin, and grapefruit juice (due to naringi)

Answer 28

Enzyme inhibitors

Question 29

Phenobarbital induces the metabolism of

Answer 29

Diazepam (altered pharmacokinetics)