Enviro Path

Question 1

Most common cause of global health loss and premature death

Answer 1

Undernutrition

Question 2

Most common cause of death is heart and cerebrovascular disease

Answer 2

Developed countries

Question 3

Most common cause of death is infection

Answer 3

Developing countries

Question 4

Exogenous chemicals for the environment

Answer 4

Xenobiotics

Question 5

Hydrolysis, reduction, or oxidation. CypP450

Answer 5

Phase 1 rxs

Question 6

Metabolize to water soluble molecules for easy excretion. Glucuronidation, sulfation, methylation, conjugation

Answer 6

Phase 2 rxs

Question 7

Free radical production > injures respiratory tract epithelium

Answer 7

Ozone

Question 8

Comes from fossil fuels and plants. Converted to sulfuric acid and trioxide. Irritates respiratory tract

Answer 8

Sulfur dioxide

Question 9

Asphyxia at _____ carboxy hemoglobin

Answer 9

20%

Question 10

Lead can come from houses built before

Answer 10

1978

Question 11

Most absorbed into bone and teeth. Competes with calcium.

Answer 11

Lead

Question 12

Interferes with cartilage remodeling and primary bone Trabeculae, along with fracture healing

Answer 12

Lead

Question 13

Half life of 20-30 years in bone

Answer 13

Lead

Question 14

Causes microcytic, hypo chromic anemia b/c it interferes with heme synthesis

Answer 14

Lead (plumbism)

Question 15

Causes increased free RBC protoporphyrin level (RBC zinc-bound protoporphyrin)

Answer 15

Lead (plumbism)

Question 16

RBC precursors with abundant stainable iron

Answer 16

Ringed sideroblasts

Question 17

Basophilic stippling is made of

Answer 17

RNA

Question 18

Ringed sideroblasts made of

Answer 18

Iron

Question 19

Causes headache, memory loss, and peripheral neuropathy (foot and wrist drop) in adults

Answer 19

Plumbism

Question 20

Affects hearing and intellectual capacity of child

Answer 20

Lead

Question 21

Abdominal pain with chronic lead poisoning is

Answer 21

Poorly localized

Question 22

Kidney disease with chronic lead poisoning is

Answer 22

TubulointerstitIal

Question 23

Gotten from fish and shellfish

Answer 23

Mercury

Question 24

Causes major CNS damage to fetus and child

Answer 24

Mercury

Question 25

Causes peripheral neuropathy and CNS depression in adults

Answer 25

Mercury (mad as a hatter) - Mercury used to cure felts for hats

Question 26

Gotten from soil and water (bangladesh, well water) and agriculture (herbicides, wood preservatives)

Answer 26

Arsenic

Question 27

Acute poisoning affects mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Causes CNS and cardiovascular disturbances

Answer 27

Arsenic

Question 28

2-8 wks of poisoning will cause neuropathic so (numbness/tingling, muscle cramping)

Answer 28

Arsenic

Question 29

Long term poisoning will cause cancers of lung and skin (palms and soles). Hyperpigmentation/hyperkeratosis of palms and soles. Anemia

Answer 29

Arsenic

Question 30

Gotten from mining, electroplating, nickel-cadmium batteries, food

Answer 30

Cadmium

Question 31

Causes COPD from alvelolar macrophage necrosis and cancer. Tubular damage and renal failure. Osteoporosis and osteomalacia

Answer 31

Cadmium

Question 32

Dose dependent marrow aplasia. Increased risk of AML

Answer 32

Benzene

Question 33

Acute exposure causes CNS depression, dizziness, confusion, and severe coma. Toxic to liver and kidneys. HCC

Answer 33

Chloroform (CCL3H) and carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)

Question 34

Associated with lung and bladder cancer

Answer 34

Polycyclic hydrocarbons

Question 35

Lipophilic, halogenated compounds that resist degradation and induce CYPs

Answer 35

Organochlorines

Question 36

DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), and dioxins (agent orange)

Answer 36

Organochlorines

Question 37

Disrupt endocrine systems by being anti estrogenic and anti androgenic

Answer 37

Organochlorines

Question 38

Dermatitis from PCB and dioxins (chloracne). Face acne, cystic hyperpigmentation, and hyperkeratosis

Answer 38

Chloracne - organochlorines

Question 39

Increased angiosarcoma of liver

Answer 39

Vinyl chloride

Question 40

Phthalates (plasticizers) cause

Answer 40

Endocrine and testicular dysfunction

Question 41

Sum of yrs of life lost and years of illness/disability

Answer 41

Disability-adjusted life year (DALY)