Flashcards in Drug Table - Reproduction Deck (57)
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1
Class for:
Estradiol (valerate & cypionate)
Estrone sulfate
Equilin sulfate
Quinestrol
Estradiol esters
(steroidal)
2
Class for:
Ethinyl estradiol
Mestranol
Alkyl estrogen
3
Mechanism for:
Estradiol (valerate & cypionate)
Estrone sulfate
Equilin sulfate
Quinestrol
Ethinyl estradiol
Mestranol
Absorbed through skin, mucus membranes,
GI Tract; body-wide distribution via sexhormone
binding globulin
4
Therapeutics for:
Estradiol (valerate & cypionate)
Estrone sulfate
Equilin sulfate
Quinestrol
Ethinyl estradiol
Mestranol
Contraception, primary hypogonadism,
postmenopausal hormone therapy
5
Imp side effects for:
Estradiol (valerate & cypionate)
Estrone sulfate
Equilin sulfate
Quinestrol
Ethinyl estradiol
Mestranol
Weight gain, HTN; less commonly,
may cause breast cancer, DVT,
cervical and endometrial cancer
6
Other side effects for:
Estradiol (valerate & cypionate)
Estrone sulfate
Equilin sulfate
Quinestrol
Ethinyl estradiol
Mestranol
Nausea, breast tension/pain,
vaginal bleeding, headache
7
Misc for:
Estradiol (valerate & cypionate)
Estrone sulfate
Equilin sulfate
Quinestrol
Ethinyl estradiol
Mestranol
Strongly contraindicated in breast or
endometrial cancers, endometriosis,
undiagnosed vaginal bleeds;
relatively contradinicated in
pregnancy, thromboembolic disease,
HTN, hepatic disease, family history
of breast or uterine cancer
8
Diethylstilbestrol class
Non-steroidal
synthetic estrogen
9
Diethylstilbestrol Imp side effect
Increased risk of clear cell
adenocarcinoma of vagina & cervix
10
Tamoxifen citrate (Nolvadex) class
Non-steroidal antiestrogen;
selective
estrogen receptor
modifier
11
Tamoxifen citrate (Nolvadex) mechanism
Blocks estrogen from binding ER and
causing growth in ER(+) breast cancer
12
Tamoxifen citrate (Nolvadex) therapeutics
ER(+) breast cancer
13
Tamoxifen citrate (Nolvadex) imp side effects
Pro-estrogenic effect on uterine
epithelium (increase risk of
endometrial cancer); partial
estrogen agonist in bone and
endometrium
14
Tamoxifen citrate (Nolvadex) misc
Anti-estrogenic effect on mammary
epithelium; must be used in very
high doses
15
Clomiphene citrate (Clomid) class
Non-steroidal antiestrogen
16
Clomiphene citrate (Clomid) mechanism
Blocks estrogen binding to hypothalamic
receptors (no estradiol negative feedback
on gonadotropins) --> increased secretion
of gonadotropins & LH --> ovulation
17
Clomiphene citrate (Clomid) therapeutics
Stimulate ovulation in patients who
want to get pregnant
18
Clomiphene citrate (Clomid) imp side effects
Hot flashes, multiple pregnancy
19
Clomiphene citrate (Clomid) other side effects
Stomach pain, headache, upset
stomach, vomit
20
Clomiphene citrate (Clomid) misc
Cis-isomer (zuclomiphene) is a weak
estrogen agonist; trans-isomer
(enclomiphene) is a potent estrogen
antagonist
21
Class
Micronized progesterone
Transvaginal progesterone
Natural
progesterone
22
Therapeutics for
Micronized progesterone
Transvaginal progesterone
Contraception, hormone replacement
therapy
23
Imp side effects for
Micronized progesterone
Transvaginal progesterone
Fatigue, drowsiness
24
Misc for
Micronized progesterone
Transvaginal progesterone
Contraindicated in thromboembolic
disorders or patients with such a
history, liver disease (metabolised in
the liver), undiagnosed vaginal
bleeding, pregnancy (atrophy of
endometrium leading to birth
defects)
25
Class for:
Medroxyprogesterone
Norethindrone
Norgestrel
Megestrol
Synthetic
progesterone
26
Therapeutics for:
Medroxyprogesterone
Norethindrone
Norgestrel
Megestrol
Contraception, hormone replacement
therapy
27
Imp side effects for:
Medroxyprogesterone
Norethindrone
Norgestrel
Megestrol
Edema, abdominal bloating; less
commonly: strong androgenic
effects (hirsutism, acne)
28
Other side effects for:
Medroxyprogesterone
Norethindrone
Norgestrel
Megestrol
Anxiety, irritability, depression,
muscular pain; increased risk of
thrombus and PE
29
Misc for:
Medroxyprogesterone
Norethindrone
Norgestrel
Megestrol
Contraindicated in thromboembolic
disorders or patients with such a
history, liver disease (metabolised in
the liver), undiagnosed vaginal
bleeding, pregnancy (atrophy of
endometrium leading to birth
defects)
30
Class for:
Monophasic Ortho-Novum
Biphasic Ortho-Novum
Triphasic Ortho-Novum
Combination pill
31
Mechanism for:
Monophasic Ortho-Novum
Biphasic Ortho-Novum
Triphasic Ortho-Novum
Constant level of estrogen suppresses FSH,
LH surge; progesterone suppresses LH
surge, thickens cervical mucus, leads to
endometrial atrophy
32
Therapeutics for:
Monophasic Ortho-Novum
Biphasic Ortho-Novum
Triphasic Ortho-Novum
Contraception
33
Imp side effects for:
Monophasic Ortho-Novum
Biphasic Ortho-Novum
Triphasic Ortho-Novum
As with synthetic estrogen and
progesterones
34
Monophasic Ortho-Novum Misc
Consistent dose of estrogen and
progestin (only take 21 days)
35
Biphasic Ortho-Novum Misc
Fixed estrogen, progestin increased
for days 11-21
36
Triphasic Ortho-Novum Misc
Fixed or variable estrogen, while
progestin increases in 3 phases (1-7,
8-14, 15-21)
37
Mini-pill class
Progestin only
38
Mini-pill mechanism
As progestin
39
Mini-pill Therapeutics
Less effective than combination pill for
contraception; use when patient has
estrogen contraindication; good in
lactating women (estrogen reduces milk
production)
40
Mini-pill imp side effect
More likely to produce irregular
menstrual cycle (estrogen required
to provide stability to endometrium)
41
Mini-pill other side effect
Suppresses endometrial cancer
42
Levonorgestrel (Plan B) class
Synthetic
progestogen
43
Levonorgestrel (Plan B) Mechanism
Not known
44
Levonorgestrel (Plan B) Therapeutics
Prevent implantation
45
Levonorgestrel (Plan B) Imp side effect
Likely the same as combination
oral contraceptives
46
Levonorgestrel (Plan B) misc
Must be taken within 72 hours of
coitus
47
Mifepristone (RU-486, Korlym) class
Anti-progestin;
glucocorticoid
receptor
antagonist
48
Mifepristone (RU-486, Korlym) Mechanism
Competitively binds to progesterone
receptor (leading to detachment of fetus);
glucocorticoid recepter antagonist
49
Mifepristone (RU-486, Korlym) Therapeutics
Abortion; Cushing's Syndrome
50
Mifepristone (RU-486, Korlym) Misc
Must take early in pregnancy (by day
49); oral administration; must be
given by doctor in medical facility
prepared for surgery if abortion
incomplete
51
Class for:
Sildenafil citrate (Viagra)
Vardenafil HCl (Levitra)
Tadalafil (Cialis)
PDE5 inhibitor
52
Mechanism for:
Sildenafil citrate (Viagra)
Vardenafil HCl (Levitra)
Tadalafil (Cialis)
Bind catalytic site of PDE5; inhibits PDE5
breakdown of cGMP --> decreased Ca -->
smooth muscle relaxation --> erection
53
Therapeutics for:
Sildenafil citrate (Viagra)
Vardenafil HCl (Levitra)
Tadalafil (Cialis)
Erectile dysfunction; does not trigger an
automatic erection, but improves
response to sexual stimulation
54
Imp side effects for:
Sildenafil citrate (Viagra)
Vardenafil HCl (Levitra)
Tadalafil (Cialis)
Headache, dizziness, change in
vision (NAION)
55
Other side effects for:
Sildenafil citrate (Viagra)
Vardenafil HCl (Levitra)
Tadalafil (Cialis)
Flushing, upset stomach, stuffy
or runny nose, UTI, diarrhea
56
Misc for:
Sildenafil citrate (Viagra)
Vardenafil HCl (Levitra)
Oral (once/day max); half-life of 4
hours, peak plasma concentration in
1-2 hours; contraindicated if on
nitrates or α-blockers (unsafe drop in
BP)
57
