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PHARMACOLOGY > Drugs Acting on the Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Drugs Acting on the Cardiovascular System Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

factors determining BP (3)

A
  • blood volume
  • cardiac ouput
  • peripheral resistance
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2
Q

drugs for hypertension (

A
  • ACE inhibitors
  • Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
  • Alpha I Adrenergic Antagonists
  • Alpha II Adrenergic Agonists
  • Beta Blockers
  • Calcium Channel Blockers
  • Diuretics
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3
Q

what is the MOA of ACE inhibitors

A

inhibits ACE enzyme from converting angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2

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4
Q

what is the target organ of ACE inhibitors

A

lungs

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5
Q

what is angiotensin II

A

angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor and aldosterone stimulant

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6
Q

one of the side effects of ACE inhibitors

A

dry cough

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7
Q

family of ACE inhibitors

A

“prils”

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8
Q

what is the MOA of angiotensin II receptor blockers

A

blocks binding of angiotensin II to angiotensin type 1 receptors thereby reducing effects of angiotensin II induced vasoconstriction, sodium retention, and aldosterone release

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9
Q

target organs of angiotensin II receptor blockers

A

blood vessels and suprarenal gland

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10
Q

family of angiotensin II receptor blockers

A

“sartans”

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11
Q

what is the MOA of alpha I adrenergic antagonists

A

lowers blood pressure by blocking sympathetic receptors in the arterioles causing blood vessels to dilate

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12
Q

family of alpha I adrenergic antagonists

A

“zosins”

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13
Q

alpha I adrenergic antagonists are also prescribed for ________ because they relax smooth muscles in the prostate and bladder neck thus reducing urethral resistance

A

BPH (benign prostatic hypertrophy)

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14
Q

what is the MOA of aplha II adrenergic agonists

A

decreases the outflow of sympathetic nerve impulses from the CNS to the heart and arterioles

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15
Q

a preferred agent in treating hypertension occurring during pregnancy

A

methyldopa (Aldomet)

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16
Q

what is the MOA of beta blockers

A

blocks beta 1 receptors inhibiting the sympathetic outflow resulting in decrease cardiac rate and contractility

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17
Q

family of beta blockers

A

“olols”

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18
Q

what is the MOA of calcium channel blockers

A

blocks calcium access to the cells causing decreased heart contractility and conductivity leading to decreased oxygen demand

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19
Q

at low doses, ________ relax arterial smooth muscles lowering peripheral resistance thus decreasing blood pressure

A

calcium channel blockers

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20
Q

family of calcium channel blockers

A

“dipines”

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21
Q

avoid giving ________ which increases GI absorption = increased effects of calcium channel blockers

A

grapefruit juice

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22
Q

what is the MOA of diuretics

A

produce increased urine production and output by inhibiting sodium and water reabsorption from the kidney tubules

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23
Q

what is the minimum hourly urine output

A

30 cc

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24
Q

when are diuretics taken ideally

A

in the morning

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25
what is the site of action of diuretics
kidney tubules
26
what are the 3 types of diuretics
* thiazide * potassium sparing * loop
27
what are the 2 types of diuretics that will make the body excrete electrolytes
* thiazide * loop
28
what does WODAC mean
weigh patient once a day before meal
29
1 kg weight gain = ________ water retained
1 L
30
what are the effects of digitalis on the heart (3)
* postive inotropic action (increase force of contraction) * negative chronotropic action (decrease heart rate) * negative dromotropic action (decrease velocity)
31
digitalis is used to correct ________ and __________
* atrial fibrillation * atrial flutter
32
what is the MOA of digoxin
increase myocardial contraction, which increases cardiac output and improves circulation and tissue perfusion; decreases conduction through AV node, thus decreasing heart rate
33
overdose or accumulation of digoxin
digitalis toxicity
34
antidote for digitalis toxicity
digoxin immune fab
35
before giving digitalis, assess CR; cannot give if CR is __________
below 60 BPM
36
positive inotropic group of drugs given to treat acute HF or when there is no response to the use of other agents
phosphodiesterase inhibitors
37
what is the MOA of phosphodiesterase inhibitors
* inhibit the enzyme phosphodiesterase * increase stroke volume and cardiac output and promote vasodilation
38
drugs under phosphodiesterase inhibitors (2)
* inamrinone lactate (Inocor) * milrinone lactate (Primacor)
39
phosphodiesterase inhibitors are administered for no longer than __________
48 to 72 hours
40
ECG and cardiac status should be closely monitored since phosphodiesterase inhibitors can result to severe __________
cardiac dysrhythmias
41
what is the MOA of nitrates
affect the blood vessels in the venous circulation and coronary arteries causing generalized vascular and coronary vasodilation
42
reduce myocardial ischemia but can cause hypotension
nitrates
43
drug under nitrates
nitroglycerine
44
MOA of beta blockers as an antianginal drug
decrease the force of myocardial contraction leading to reduced oxygen deman by the myocardium | decreases HR for chest pain
45
# divisions of beta blockers * blocks beta 1 and 2 * decrease pulse rate and cause bronchoconstriction
non-selective beta blockers
46
drugs under non-selective beta blockers (3)
* propanolol * nadolol * pindolol
47
# divisions of beta blockers * no activity at beta 2 * decrease the pulse rate
selective beta blockers
48
drugs under selective beta blockers
* atenolol * metoprolol
49
what is the MOA of calcium channel blockers as antianginal drugs
relax coronary artery spasm and relax peripheral arterioles decreasing cardiac oxygen demand
50
# antianginal drugs medications under calcium channel blockers (3)
* verapamil * nifedipine * diltiazem
51
what are the 4 classes of antiarrhythmic drugs
* Class I: Na Channel Blockers * Class II: Beta Blockers * Class III: K Channel Blockers * Class IV: Ca Channel Blockers
52
what is the MOA of Na Channel blockers
decrease sodium influx into the cardiac cells
53
# Class I: Na Channel Blockers slows conduction and prolongs repolarization
Class IA
54
# Class I: Na Channel Blockers slows conduction and shorted repolarization
Class IB
55
# Class I: Na Channel Blockers prolongs conduction with little to no effect on repolarization
Class IC
56
# Antiarrythmic Drugs decrease conduction velocity, automaticity, and recovery time
Class II: Beta Blockers
57
# Antiarrythmic Drugs are more frequently prescribed than Class I
Class II: Beta Blockers
58
# Antiarrythmic Drugs prolong repolarization and used in emergency treatment of ventricular dysrhythmias when other antidysrhythmic agents are ineffective
Class III: K Channel Blockers
59
medications under Class III: K Channel Blockers
* bretylium * amiodarone
60
# Antiarrythmic Drugs increase refractory period (recovery time) and prolong the action potential duration (cardiac cell activity)
Class III: K Channel Blockers
61
what is the MOA of Class IV: Ca Channel Blockers as AAD
blocks calcium influx, thereby decreasing the excitability and contractility of the myocardium
62
# Antiarrythmic Drugs contraindicated for clients with AV block or heart failure
Class IV: Ca Channel Blockers
63
medications under Class IV: Ca Channel Blockers
* verapamil * diltiazem
64
* 1st drug used to treat cardiac dysrhythmias * side effects: nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, confusion and hypotension, heart block, neurologic and psychiatric symptoms
quinidine
65
high doses of ________ causes cardiovascular depression, bradycardia, hypotension, seizures, blurred vision and double vision, dizziness, light headedness and confusion
lidocaine

PHARMACOLOGY (6 decks)

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