Drugs Acting on the Endocrine System

Question 1

hypoglycemic drugs (2)

Answer 1

• insulin
• oral antidiabetic

Question 2

hyperglycemic drugs (2)

Answer 2

• glucagon
• pancreatic hormone

Question 3

the only parenteral antidiabetic agent for exogenous placement

Answer 3

insulin

Question 4

used to treat type I DM and to treat type II DM in adults who have no response to diet, exercise, and other agents

Answer 4

insulin

Question 5

Insulin

injection sites needed to be rotated regulary to avoid __________

Answer 5

lipodystrophy

Question 6

most common adverse effects of insulin (2)

Answer 6

• hypoglycemia
• ketoacidosis

Question 7

insulin should be administered ________ meals

Answer 7

before

Question 8

what is the MOA of insulin

Answer 8

increase the utilization of glucose

Question 9

most common oral antidiabetic

Answer 9

metformin

Question 10

what is the MOA of sulfonylureas

Answer 10

stimulate release of insulin from the beta cells of the pancreas

Question 11

oral antidiabetic is indicated for __________

Answer 11

type II NIDDM

Question 12

most common AE of sulfonylureas are hypoglycemia and __________

Answer 12

GI distress

Question 13

raise the blood glucose level when severe hypoglycemia occurs

Answer 13

glucose-elevating agents

Question 14

2 agents used to elevate glucose level

Answer 14

• diazoxide
• glucagon

Question 15

________ can also be given orally or IV to increase glucose levels

Answer 15

pure glucose

preferrably simple sugars

Question 16

what is the MOA of glucose-elevating agents

Answer 16

increase blood glucose by decreasing insulin release and accelerating the breakdown of glycogen in the liver to release glucose

Question 17

Glucose-Elevating Agents

diazoxide is administered __________

Answer 17

PO

Question 18

Glucose-Elevating Agents

glucagon is given ___________

Answer 18

parenterally

Question 19

Glucose-Elevating Agents

preferred agent for emergency situations

Answer 19

glucagon

Question 20

• used to treat hypothyroidism
• increase metabolic rate of the body tissues, stimulate the cardiovascular system, increase body temperature, oxygen consumption, and blood volume, promote glyconeogenesis, increase utilization and mobilization of glycogen stores, stimulate protein synthesis, and promote cell growth, and differentiation

Answer 20

thyroid drugs

Question 21

most common thyroid drug

Answer 21

levothyroxine

Question 22

thyroid drugs should be taken in the ________ to prevent _________

Answer 22

morning; insomnia

Question 23

when taking thyroid drugs, why are insulin or oral hypoglycemic agent requirements increase?

Answer 23

↑thyroid hormones = ↑metabolism = ↑glucose

Question 24

Thyroid Drugs

check apical pulse before giving, and hold if pulse is ___________

Answer 24

> 100 bpm

Question 25

# Thyroid Drugs in children, if pulse rate is elevated __________

Answer 25

hold and notify physician

Question 26

* used to block the production of thyroid hormone and to treat hyperthyroidism * decrease the basal metabolic rate by interfering with the action, fomation, or releasee of thyroid hormones

Answer 26

antithyroid drugs

Question 27

antithyroid drugs include (2)

Answer 27

* thioamides * iodide solutions

Question 28

what is the MOA of thioamides

Answer 28

prevent the formation of thyroid hormone in the thyroid cells which lowers the serum levels of thyroid hormone

Question 29

most common thioamides

Answer 29

propylthiouracil (PTU)

Question 30

what is the MOA of iodide solutions

Answer 30

cause the thyroid cells to become oversaturated with iodine and stop producing thyroid hormone, in some cases thyroid cells are destroyed

Question 31

goserelin, histerelin, leuprolide and nafarelin, and tesamorelin are __________

Answer 31

hypothalamic releasing hormones

Question 32

degarelix and ganirelix acetate are __________

Answer 32

antagonsists that block the effects of hypothalamic releasing hormones

Question 33

hypothalamic-releasing hormones are used for ________ only, and others are used primarily as antineoplastic agents

Answer 33

diagnostic purposes

Question 34

natural and synthetic hormones that mimic the hormones produced by the pituitary gland

Answer 34

pituitary agents

Question 35

# 2 Groups of Pituitary Agents may be used diagnostically or therapeutically to control the function of other endocrine glands such as the thyroid glands, adrenals, ovaries, and testes

Answer 35

anterior pituitary drugs

Question 36

# 2 Groups of Pituitary Agents used to generate fluid volume and stimulate smooth muscle contraction in selected clinical situations

Answer 36

posterior pituitary

Question 37

________ is used to treat adrenal insufficiency

Answer 37

corticotropin

Question 38

________ is used to treat pituitary dwarfism

Answer 38

somatrem

Question 39

desmopressin acetate, lypressin, and vasopressin are __________

Answer 39

ADH

Question 40

________ is prescribed for hormone replacement therapy in patient with neurogenic diabetes insipidus caused by a brain lesion or injury

Answer 40

ADH