Drugs Acting on the Hematologic System

Question 1

provide essential building blocks for RBC production by increasing the hemoglobin necessary for oxygen transportation

Answer 1

hematinic drugs

Question 2

a clinical condition that results from an insufficient supply of healthy RBCs, the volume of packed RBC and/or the quantity of hemoglobin

Answer 2

anemia

Question 3

used to treat iron deficiency anemia (IDA)

Answer 3

Iron

Question 4

medications under Iron

Answer 4

• ferrous sulfate
• ferrous gluconate
• iron dextran

Question 5

what is the MOA of Iron

Answer 5

production of hemoglobin; 80% of iron in the plasma goes into the bone marrow where they are used for erythropoiesis

Question 6

pregnant women may need supplements to replace the ________ used by the developing fetus

Answer 6

iron

Question 7

________ are used for patients who can’t absorb oral preparations, aren’t compliant with oral therapy, or with bowel disorders

Answer 7

parenteral iron therapy (iron dextran)

Question 8

most common adverse reaction of iron

Answer 8

gastric irritation

Question 9

________ darkens the stool and liquid ones can stain the teeth

Answer 9

iron

Question 10

used to treat pernicious anemia

Answer 10

vit. B12

Question 11

medications under vit. B12

Answer 11

• cyanocobalamin
• hydroxocobalamin

Question 12

MOA of vit. B12

Answer 12

replaces vit. B12

Question 13

treats folic acid deficiency

Answer 13

folic acid

Question 14

stimulates RBC production

Answer 14

epoetin alfa

Question 15

what is the MOA of epoetin alfa

Answer 15

boosts the production of erythropoietin

Question 16

decreased erythropoietin can lead to ________, necessitating epoetin alfa administration

Answer 16

chronic normocytic anemia

caused by chronic renal failure

Question 17

epoetin alfa

pharmacotherapeutics: anemia associated with ________; therapy in patients with HIV infection

Answer 17

zidovudine

Question 18

________ is used to decrease the need for transfusion in patients with certain types of leukemia

Answer 18

epoetin alfa

Question 19

most common adverse reaction of epoetin alfa

Answer 19

hypertension

Question 20

• prepared commercially from animal tissue
• prevents blood clot formation
• cannot dissolve already formed clots

Answer 20

heparin

Question 21

Heparin

________ and ________ were developed to prevent deep vein thrombosis in surgical patients

Answer 21

• dalteparin sodium
• enoxaparin sodium

Question 22

what is the MOA of heparin

Answer 22

• prevents formation of new thrombi
• activates antithrombin III

Question 23

MOA of heparin in low doses

Answer 23

• increases the activity of antithrombin III
• inhibits clot formation

Question 24

MOA of heparin in large doses

Answer 24

inhibit fibrin formation after a clot has been formed

Question 25

________: prolongs blood clotting time, thrombin time, and partial thromboplastin time

Answer 25

heparin therapy

Question 26

treatment for disseminated intravascular coagulation | a complication of other diseases resulting in accelerated clotting

Answer 26

heparin

Question 27

# Heparin acts ________ when taken with oral anticoagulants

Answer 27

synergistically

Question 28

# Heparin risk of ________ when taken with NSAIDs, iron dextran, or an antiplatelet drug

Answer 28

bleeding

Question 29

most common adverse reaction of heparin is ________ - can be revered by administering __________

Answer 29

bleeding; protamine sulfate

Question 30

major oral anticoagulants (3)

Answer 30

* coumarin compounds * warfarin sodium * dicumarol

Question 31

what is the MOA of oral anticoagulants

Answer 31

alter the ability of the liver to synthesize vitamin K dependent clotting factors

Question 32

antidote for bleeding caused by warfarin

Answer 32

vitamin K

Question 33

used to prevent arterial thromboembolism, particularly in patients at risk for MI, stroke, and arteriosclerosis

Answer 33

antiplatelet drugs

Question 34

medications under antiplatelet drugs (4)

Answer 34

* aspirin * dipyridamole * sulfinpyrazone * ticlopidine

Question 35

what is the MOA of antiplatelet drugs

Answer 35

interfere with platelet activity in different drug-specific and dose-related ways | prevents platelet aggregation

Question 36

low doses of ________ inhibit clot formation by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandin, thus preventing the formation of the platelet-aggregating substance thromboxane A2

Answer 36

aspirin

Question 37

________ inhibits the binding of fibrinogen to platelets during the first stage of the clotting cascade

Answer 37

ticlopidine

Question 38

# Antiplatelet Drugs for previous MI or unstable angina to reduce the risk of death and in men to reduce risk of TIA

Answer 38

aspirin

Question 39

# Antiplatelet Drugs for after MI to decrease the risk of sudden cardiac death

Answer 39

sulfinpyrazone

Question 40

aspirin + heparin, oral anticoagulants and dipyridamole = __________

Answer 40

increased risk of bleeding

Question 41

sulfinpyrazone + aspirin and oral anticoagulants = __________

Answer 41

increased risk of bleeding

Question 42

MOA of thrombolytic drugs

Answer 42

converts plasminogen to plasmin which dissolves thrombi, fibrinogen, and other plasma proteins

Question 43

used to treat certain thromboembolic disorders and have also been used to dissolve thrombi in arteriovenous cannulas and IV catheters to reestablish blood flow

Answer 43

thrombolytic drugs

Question 44

# Thrombolytic Drugs for acute MI, pulmonary embolism, acute ischemic stroke

Answer 44

alteplase

Question 45

# Thrombolytic Drugs for acute MI

Answer 45

anistreplase

Question 46

# Thrombolytic Drugs for acute MI, pulmonary embolus, DVT, arterial thrombosis, arterial embolism, and thrombosis

Answer 46

streptokinase

Question 47

# Thrombolytic Drugs interact with heparin, oral anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs, and NSAIDs thus ____________

Answer 47

increasing the risk for bleeding

Question 48

________ inhibits streptokinase and can be used to reverse its fibrinolytic effects

Answer 48

aminocaproic acid

Question 49

# Thrombolytic Drugs adverse reactions especially with streptokinase and anistreplase

Answer 49

bleeding and allergic reactions

Question 50

medications under bile-sequestering drugs

Answer 50

* cholestyramine * colestipol HCl

Question 51

MOA of bile-sequestering drugs

Answer 51

lower blood levels of LDL

Question 52

# Bile-Sequestering Drugs combine with ________ in the intestines to form an insoluble compound that is then excreted in the stool

Answer 52

bile acids