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Respiratory II > Drugs for asthma and COPD > Flashcards

Drugs for asthma and COPD Flashcards

1
Q

Non-selective adrenergic agonists that can be used for asthma and COPD

A

Epinephrine
Ephedrine
Isoproterenol

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2
Q

Adverse effects of Epinephrine

A

Tachycardia
Arrhythmias
Angina pectoris - worsen

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3
Q

Treatment of acute vasodilation and bronchospasm of anaphylaxis

A

Epinephrine

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4
Q

Drug with a similar mechanism to epinephrine, but with a longer activity

A

Ephedrine

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5
Q

Mechanism of epinephrine

A

Stimulates alpha, beta-1, and beta-2 receptors

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6
Q

Mechanism of isoproterenol

A

Stimulates beta-1 and beta-2

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7
Q

Side effect of isoproterenol

A

Arrhythmias

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8
Q

Short acting beta-2 agonists used for asthma and COPD

A

Albuterol
Terbutaline
Levalbuterol

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9
Q

Most widely used sympathomimetics for the treatment of acute bronchoconstriction

A

Albuterol
Terbutaline

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10
Q

Long acting beta-2 agonists used for asthma and COPD

A

Salmeterol
Formoterol
Bambuterol

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11
Q

Used only in combination with inhaled corticosteroid for asthma, offering complementary synergistic actions

A

LABAs

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12
Q

May be used alone in COPD or with anticholinergics or inhaled corticosteroids

A

LABAs

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13
Q

Risk with high dose or prolonged use of LABAs

A

Hypokalemia

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14
Q

Methylxanthine drugs used as add on therapy in pts with severe asthma or COPD

A

Theophylline
Theobromine
Aminophylline

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15
Q

Drug class that inhibits PDE enzymes to increase concentrations of IC cAMP. Used in asthma and COPD

A

Methylxanthine drugs

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16
Q

Asthma and COPD drug class the enhances histone deacetylation to inhibit inflammatory gene transcription

A

Methylxanthine drugs

17
Q

Drug class that improves contractility of skeletal muscle and reverses diaphragm fatigue in COPD

A

Methylxanthine drugs

18
Q

Adverse effects of methylxanthine drugs

A

Nervousness and tremor
Medullary stimulation, convulsions, and death
Tachycardia and arrhythmias
Increase CO and TPR

19
Q

Contraindications of methylxanthine drugs

A

Metabolized by CYP450 and narrow therapeutic index

20
Q

Selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor used in severe COPD

A

Roflumilast

21
Q

Antimuscarinic agents used mostly in COPD

A

Ipratropium
Tiotropium

22
Q

Used in COPD for pts intolerant of beta-agonists

A

Antimuscarinic agents

23
Q

Added in combination to inhaled corticosteroid/LABA to provide additional bronchodilation in pts with persistent airflow obstruction

A

Tiotropium

24
Q

Adverse effects of antimuscarinic agents

A

Dry mouth
Urinary retention
Increased risk of dementia in elderly

25
Q

Inhaled corticosteroids

A

Mometasone
Fluticasone
Budesonide
Beclomethasone
Triamcinolone

26
Q

Adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids

A

Oral candidiasis
Vocal cord changes

27
Q

Mechanism of inhaled corticosteroids

A

Alters gene expression and reduces inflammatory mediators

28
Q

Systemic corticosteroids used for asthma and COPD

A

Prednisone
Methylprednisolone
Hydrocortisone

29
Q

Drug class that upregulates expression of beta-adrenergic receptors

A

Corticosteroids

30
Q

Risk with chronic use of steroids

A

Osteoporosis
Cataracts

31
Q

Leukotriene pathway inhibitors

A

Zileuton
Zarfirlukast
Montelukast

32
Q

5-lipoxygenase inhibitor used for aspirin induced asthma

A

Zileuton

33
Q

Asthma medication that requires monitoring of LFTs

A

Zileuton

34
Q

LTD4 receptor (CysLT1) antagonists used in mild asthma and aspirin induced asthma

A

Zarfirlukast
Montelukast

35
Q

Humanized monoclonal antibody to human IgE that inhibits its binding to mast cells

A

Omalizumab

36
Q

Mast cell stabilizers used in asthma and allergic rhinitis

A

Cromolyn
Nedocromil

37
Q
A

Respiratory II (17 decks)

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