ASWB LCSW Study Guide > DSM-5-TR Diagnosis > Flashcards

DSM-5-TR Diagnosis Flashcards

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1
Q

How many symptoms are required for Major Depressive Disorder?

A

5 or more symptoms for at least 2 weeks, including depressed mood or anhedonia

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2
Q

What is the SIGECAPS mnemonic for depression?

A

Sleep, Interest, Guilt, Energy, Concentration, Appetite, Psychomotor, Suicidal ideation

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3
Q

What is anhedonia?

A

Loss of interest or pleasure in activities previously enjoyed

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4
Q

What distinguishes MDD from Persistent Depressive Disorder?

A

PDD (Dysthymia): depressed mood most days for at least 2 years; MDD: 2 weeks

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5
Q

What is required for Bipolar I diagnosis?

A

At least one manic episode (may also have depressive episodes)

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6
Q

What is required for Bipolar II diagnosis?

A

At least one hypomanic episode AND one major depressive episode (no full manic episodes)

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7
Q

What is the DIGFAST mnemonic for mania?

A

Distractibility, Indiscretion, Grandiosity, Flight of ideas, Activity increase, Sleep deficit, Talkativeness

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8
Q

How long must symptoms last for a manic episode?

A

At least 1 week (or any duration if hospitalization required)

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9
Q

How long must symptoms last for hypomanic episode?

A

At least 4 consecutive days

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10
Q

What is the key difference between mania and hypomania?

A

Hypomania has no marked impairment in functioning and no psychotic features

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11
Q

What are the 4 symptom clusters required for PTSD?

A

Intrusion, avoidance, negative cognitions/mood, arousal/reactivity

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12
Q

What qualifies as Criterion A trauma for PTSD?

A

Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence

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13
Q

How long must PTSD symptoms last?

A

More than 1 month

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14
Q

What is Acute Stress Disorder?

A

Similar to PTSD but symptoms last 3 days to 1 month after trauma

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15
Q

What is required for Generalized Anxiety Disorder diagnosis?

A

Excessive worry most days for 6+ months about multiple things, difficult to control

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16
Q

How many associated symptoms are needed for GAD?

A

3 or more (restlessness

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17
Q

What defines a panic attack?

A

Abrupt surge of intense fear/discomfort with 4+ symptoms peaking within minutes

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18
Q

What are common panic attack symptoms?

A

Palpitations, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea, dizziness, fear of dying

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19
Q

What is required for Panic Disorder diagnosis?

A

Recurrent unexpected panic attacks plus 1+ month of worry about attacks or maladaptive behavior change

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20
Q

What distinguishes Social Anxiety Disorder?

A

Marked fear of social situations where scrutiny possible; fear of showing anxiety symptoms

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21
Q

How long must Social Anxiety symptoms persist?

A

6 months or more

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22
Q

What is required for OCD diagnosis?

A

Presence of obsessions and/or compulsions that are time-consuming or cause significant distress

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23
Q

What are obsessions in OCD?

A

Recurrent persistent intrusive thoughts

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24
Q

What are compulsions in OCD?

A

Repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce anxiety from obsessions

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25
What characterizes Schizophrenia?
2+ symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized behavior, negative symptoms) for 6+ months
26
How long must active phase symptoms be present for Schizophrenia?
At least 1 month
27
What is the difference between Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder?
Schizoaffective has major mood episode concurrent with psychotic symptoms plus 2+ weeks of psychosis without mood episode
28
What is Brief Psychotic Disorder?
Psychotic symptoms lasting more than 1 day but less than 1 month with return to baseline
29
What is Schizophreniform Disorder?
Schizophrenia symptoms lasting 1-6 months
30
What are negative symptoms in schizophrenia?
Diminished emotional expression, avolition, alogia, anhedonia, asociality
31
What are positive symptoms in schizophrenia?
Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech and behavior
32
What is required for ADHD diagnosis in adults?
Symptoms present before age 12 and occurring in 2+ settings
33
How many symptoms are required for ADHD in adults?
5+ symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity
34
What are the three presentations of ADHD?
Predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, combined presentation
35
What characterizes Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Persistent deficits in social communication/interaction plus restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior
36
What is required for Borderline Personality Disorder diagnosis?
Pervasive pattern of instability in relationships
37
What are key features of BPD?
Fear of abandonment, unstable relationships, identity disturbance, impulsivity, self-harm, affective instability, chronic emptiness, anger, dissociation
38
What is splitting in BPD?
Viewing people as all good or all bad; inability to integrate positive and negative qualities
39
What characterizes Antisocial Personality Disorder?
Pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of rights of others since age 15
40
What age requirement exists for Antisocial Personality diagnosis?
Must be at least 18 years old
41
What is Conduct Disorder?
Pattern of violating basic rights of others or societal norms in individuals under 18
42
What characterizes Narcissistic Personality Disorder?
Pervasive pattern of grandiosity
43
What distinguishes Avoidant Personality Disorder?
Pervasive pattern of social inhibition
44
What is the difference between Avoidant PD and Social Anxiety?
Avoidant PD is pervasive pattern across life; Social Anxiety is fear of specific social situations
45
What characterizes Dependent Personality Disorder?
Pervasive excessive need to be taken care of leading to submissive and clinging behavior
46
What distinguishes Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder?
Preoccupation with orderliness
47
What is the difference between OCD and OCPD?
OCD has true obsessions/compulsions causing distress; OCPD is personality pattern of rigidity
48
What characterizes Histrionic Personality Disorder?
Pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking
49
What characterizes Schizoid Personality Disorder?
Pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and restricted emotional expression
50
What characterizes Schizotypal Personality Disorder?
Pervasive pattern of social deficits, cognitive/perceptual distortions, eccentricities
51
What distinguishes Paranoid Personality Disorder?
Pervasive pattern of distrust and suspiciousness without psychotic features
52
What is required for Substance Use Disorder diagnosis?
2+ criteria within 12 months indicating problematic pattern
53
What are the severity levels for Substance Use Disorder?
Mild (2-3 criteria), Moderate (4-5 criteria), Severe (6+ criteria)
54
What is Adjustment Disorder?
Emotional/behavioral symptoms within 3 months of identifiable stressor
55
When must Adjustment Disorder symptoms resolve?
Within 6 months after stressor or its consequences end
56
What is the difference between Adjustment Disorder and normal stress response?
Adjustment Disorder causes marked distress out of proportion to stressor or significant impairment
57
What is Prolonged Grief Disorder (new in DSM-5-TR)?
Intense grief persisting at least 1 year after death (6 months in children/adolescents)
58
What distinguishes grief from Major Depressive Disorder?
Grief involves waves of sadness, self-esteem intact, can have positive memories; MDD has pervasive sadness and worthlessness
59
What is required for Anorexia Nervosa diagnosis?
Restriction of intake leading to low weight, intense fear of weight gain, body image disturbance
60
What is required for Bulimia Nervosa diagnosis?
Recurrent binge eating with compensatory behaviors (purging, fasting, exercise) at least weekly for 3 months
61
What is Binge Eating Disorder?
Recurrent binge eating without regular compensatory behaviors at least weekly for 3 months
62
What is the difference between delusions and hallucinations?
Delusions are false fixed beliefs; hallucinations are false sensory perceptions
63
What are common types of delusions?
Persecutory, grandiose, referential, somatic, erotomanic, jealous
64
What is the most common type of hallucination in schizophrenia?
Auditory hallucinations (hearing voices)
65
What is avolition?
Decreased motivation to initiate and persist in goal-directed activities (negative symptom)
66
What is alogia?
Poverty of speech or thought (negative symptom in schizophrenia)
67
What is required for Intellectual Disability diagnosis?
Deficits in intellectual functioning (IQ ~70 or below) and adaptive functioning, onset during developmental period
68
What is Specific Learning Disorder?
Difficulties learning academic skills (reading, writing, math) despite adequate instruction
69
What characterizes Somatic Symptom Disorder?
Excessive thoughts
70
What is Illness Anxiety Disorder?
Preoccupation with having serious illness despite minimal/no somatic symptoms
71
What is Conversion Disorder?
Neurological symptoms (weakness, paralysis, seizures) without medical explanation
72
What characterizes Dissociative Identity Disorder?
Presence of 2+ distinct personality states with discontinuity in sense of self
73
What is Dissociative Amnesia?
Inability to recall important autobiographical information inconsistent with ordinary forgetting
74
What is Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder?
Persistent feelings of detachment from self (depersonalization) or surroundings (derealization)
75
What is V-code or Z-code?
Codes for problems that may be focus of clinical attention but aren't mental disorders
76
What are examples of V-codes/Z-codes?
Relational problems, abuse/neglect, housing problems, bereavement, phase of life problems
77
What is the principal diagnosis?
The condition chiefly responsible for services provided
78
What is provisional diagnosis?
Used when there's strong presumption of full diagnosis but insufficient information to confirm
79
What is differential diagnosis process?
Systematically ruling out conditions with similar presentations
80
What must be ruled out first in differential diagnosis?
Medical conditions and substance-induced presentations
81
What is comorbidity?
Co-occurrence of two or more disorders in same individual
82
Why is recognizing comorbidity important?
Improves treatment planning; comorbidity is the norm
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