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Duodenum Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the first, shortest, widest, and most fixed part of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum

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2
Q

From where to where does the duodenum extend?

A

From pylorus to duodenojejunal flexure

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3
Q

Who named the duodenum and when?

A

Herophilus in 300 BC

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4
Q

Why was the duodenum named as such?

A

Its length is equal to width of 12 fingers

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5
Q

What does “duodenum” mean in Greek?

A

Do-deka-daktulos meaning 12 fingers

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6
Q

What is the length of the duodenum?

A

10 inches or 25 cm

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7
Q

Where does the duodenum begin?

A

At the pylorus on the transpyloric plane

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8
Q

Where does the duodenum end?

A

At duodenojejunal junction below the transpyloric plane

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9
Q

Which part of the duodenum is not retroperitoneal?

A

Proximal 2.5 cm

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10
Q

How is the proximal 2.5 cm of duodenum suspended?

A

By lesser omentum above and greater omentum below

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11
Q

What is the main function of the duodenum?

A

Digestion

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12
Q

What does the duodenum receive from the stomach?

A

Chyme

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13
Q

What mixes with chyme in the duodenum?

A

Bile and pancreatic enzymes

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14
Q

What is the shape of the duodenum?

A

C-shaped

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15
Q

What does the concavity of the duodenum enclose?

A

Head of the pancreas

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16
Q

Where is the duodenum located?

A

Above the umbilicus, opposite L1�L3 vertebrae

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17
Q

What is the most deeply located part of the alimentary tract?

A

Duodenum and pancreas

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18
Q

How many parts does the duodenum have?

A

Four

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19
Q

What is the length of the first part of the duodenum?

A

5 cm (2 inches)

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20
Q

What is the length of the second part of the duodenum?

A

7.5 cm (3 inches)

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21
Q

What is the length of the third part of the duodenum?

A

10 cm (4 inches)

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22
Q

What is the length of the fourth part of the duodenum?

A

2.5 cm (1 inch)

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23
Q

Where does the first part of duodenum begin?

A

At the pylorus

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24
Q

To where does the first part pass?

A

Upward, backward, laterally to the neck of gallbladder

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25
What is the curve between first and second parts of duodenum?
Superior duodenal flexure
26
What is the embryological origin of the first part of duodenum?
Foregut
27
Is the first part retroperitoneal?
Partly
28
Is the first part mobile?
Yes, freely mobile and distensible
29
Does the first part have circular folds?
Not in initial 2.5 cm
30
What is seen in radiographs of first part?
Duodenal cap
31
Where do duodenal ulcers commonly occur?
First part
32
What supplies the first part of duodenum?
Branches of coeliac trunk
33
What lies anterior to the first part of duodenum?
Quadrate lobe of liver and gallbladder
34
What lies posterior to the first part?
Portal vein, gastroduodenal artery, CBD
35
What lies superior to the first part?
Epiploic foramen separated by portal vein and bile duct
36
What lies inferior to the first part?
Head and neck of pancreas
37
Which part of duodenum is intraperitoneal?
First inch of first part
38
Which part is supplied by end arteries only?
First part
39
Which part lacks circular mucus folds?
First part
40
Where does the second part begin?
At superior duodenal flexure
41
Where does the second part end?
Lower border of L3 vertebra
42
What is the curve at end of second part called?
Inferior duodenal flexure
43
What is the embryological origin of the second part?
Upper half from foregut, lower half from midgut
44
Where does the second part lie in relation to transverse mesocolon?
Behind it
45
Which ducts open into the second part?
Bile duct, chief and accessory pancreatic ducts
46
What supplies the second part of duodenum?
Double rows of vasa recta
47
What form the vasa recta of second part?
Anterior and posterior pancreaticoduodenal arcades
48
What lies anterior to the second part?
Gallbladder, right liver lobe, transverse colon, mesocolon, intestine coils
49
What lies posterior to second part?
Right kidney, renal vessels, IVC edge, right psoas major
50
What lies medially to second part?
Head of pancreas
51
What lies laterally to second part?
Ascending colon, right colic flexure, right lobe of liver
52
What is the course of third part of duodenum?
Horizontally left across L3, then curves upward
53
What lies anterior to third part?
Root of mesentery, superior mesenteric vessels, jejunum coils
54
What lies posterior to third part?
Right psoas major, ureter, IVC,abdominal aorta, right gonadal vessels
55
What lies superior to third part?
Head and uncinate process of pancreas
56
What lies inferior to third part?
Jejunum coils
57
What is the course of fourth part?
Upward to upper border of L2, then turns ventrally to jejunum
58
What lies anterior to fourth part?
Transverse colon and mesocolon
59
What lies posterior to fourth part?
Left psoas major, sympathetic chain, gonadal vessels, IMV
60
What lies superior to fourth part?
Body of pancreas
61
What lies to the left of fourth part?
Left kidney and ureter
62
What lies to the right of fourth part?
Root of mesentery
63
What are valves of Kerckring?
Circular folds of mucous membrane
64
Where do circular folds begin in duodenum?
Second part
65
Where is the major duodenal papilla located?
Posteromedial wall, 8�10 cm distal to pylorus
66
What opens on major duodenal papilla?
Hepatopancreatic duct (ampulla of vater)
67
Where is the minor duodenal papilla located?
2 cm proximal and ventral to major papilla
68
What opens on minor duodenal papilla?
Accessory pancreatic duct
69
What is plica semicircularis?
Arch-like mucosal fold above major papilla
70
What is plica longitudinalis?
Vertical fold from major papilla
71
What is used to visualize bile ducts endoscopically?
Duodenal endoscope in ERCP
72
What is the ligament of Treitz?
Suspensory muscle of duodenum
73
Where is upper end of Treitz ligament attached?
Right crus of diaphragm
74
Where is lower end of Treitz ligament attached?
Posterior surface of duodenojejunal flexure
75
What fibres are present in Treitz ligament?
Striated, elastic, and non-striated fibres
76
What is the function of Treitz ligament?
Fixes duodenojejunal flexure
77
What are the three shapes of duodenum?
C-, "O"-, and reverse "J"-shaped
78
What causes duodenal recesses?
Peritoneal pouches near duodenojejunal junction
79
Which recess is found in 50%?
Superior duodenal recess
80
Which recess is found in 75%?
Inferior duodenal recess
81
Which recess contains inferior mesenteric vein?
Paraduodenal recess
82
Which is the largest but rarest recess?
Retroduodenal recess
83
Where is mesenteroparietal recess found?
Behind upper mesentery, below duodenum
84
What arteries supply upper half of duodenum?
From coeliac trunk
85
What arteries supply lower half of duodenum?
From superior mesenteric artery
86
What forms arterial arcades in duodenum?
Anterior and posterior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
87
What artery supplies the first part's superior surfaces?
Supraduodenal artery of Wilkie
88
Which arteries supply only first part?
Supraduodenal, retroduodenal, hepatic branches, right gastroepiploic
89
Where do duodenal veins drain?
Into splenic, superior mesenteric, and portal veins
90
Where do lymphatics from duodenum drain?
Pancreaticoduodenal nodes to coeliac and superior mesenteric nodes
91
What is the sympathetic supply to duodenum?
From T6�T9 spinal segments
92
What is the parasympathetic supply to duodenum?
From vagi via coeliac and superior mesenteric plexuses
93
Why do duodenal ulcers occur in first part?
Due to end arteries and acidic chyme
94
What is seen in barium X-ray of duodenal ulcer?
Deformed duodenal cap with fleck of barium
95
Which part is most protected from injury?
Second part
96
Which part is most vulnerable to injury?
Third part
97
Where do duodenal diverticula usually occur?
Medial wall of second part
98
Where is duodenal pain referred?
Central epigastrium

Anatomy (16 decks)

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