Durham castle Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is the motte
The mound of earth that the keep sat on top of
What is the Bailey used for during attacks
It was an enclosure for village peoples safety
What is the only feature that was in the original castle
The motte
What is the harrying of the north
A campaign by the king were they destroyed villages and food stores 100,000 people died
What is a prince bishop
Very powerful people who stayed in the castle
Who was William Rufus and what did he do
He was the second prince bishop who rebelled against the king in 1088
What is a sally port
An escape for the prince bishops if the castle was under attack
Geographical reasons why they built the castle in Durham
On top of a big hill hard to attack
Horseshoe bend in river
Physical features of the castle
Original castle built was a motte and Bailey
Large motte with Bailey on top
Bailey used for military function in castle
Defences increased when rebuilt using stone
Name some Norman features of the castle
In 12th century Norman chapel added and was typical of other Norman chapels in castles-pillars with carvings on top
The Norman arch used to be one of main entrances to the castle and is highly decorated to show off wealth of prince bishops
How did the castle change in the Tudor period
Transformed from a fortress to a palace
Widened the gatehouse so carriages could go in and out
Added mercy seats to show wealth
Added Tunstalls gallery to also show wealth
How typical was Durham castle as a Norman castle
Durham is a typical Norman castle because like Alnwick castle they have a natural motte with keeps and on top of big hills but Durham is not typical as it is also defending the cathedral
Why did the prince bishops give the castle to the university
The prince bishops were losing their powers so gave it up to the university
How is Durham castle similar to Alnwick and Bamburgh castle
Good geographical area
To control the area
Motte and Bailey castles
Converted to stone
Built near water
On top of hills
Had Norman archways
Had great halls for entertainment
How is Durham castle different to Alnwick and bamburgh castle
Durham is also protecting a cathedral in its walls
Bamburgh was a fort for Normans destroyed by vikings in 1095
What does the mermaid in the chapel represent
It shows were the women should stand in the chapel
What was the original castle built from
Wood
How is Durham castle similar to Hampton court palace
Both chapels used for religious services
Gallery’s similar for walking and displaying wealth with large glass windows ( Hampton courts a lot bigger)
How is Durham castle different to Hampton court palace
Durham was built as a castle but converted to a palace
Durham castle built from stone hcp built from red brick
Hcp a lot bigger
Durham castle a built as a defensive castle
What is the keep used for now
Accommodation for students
How did the great hall change in the Victorian period
Windows enlarged for more light
Still used for entertainment
No longer had defensive role
How did the stain glass window change in the Victorian period
It wasn’t originally there
Added in 1882
Created by Charles eater Kempe
Represents family tree of university
