Dyslipidemia

Question 1

Dyslipidemia

Answer 1

Any defect in lipoprotein metabolism

any biochemical disorder characterized by 1 + abnormal blood lipids

Question 2

Up-To-Date

Answer 2

Serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol triglyceride, apo-B, or Lp(a) concentrations above the 90th percentile for the general population

or HDL or Apo-1 below the 10th percentile

Question 3

Major causes of Dyslipidemia:

Answer 3

Genetic disorders, hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome, Obtructive lung disease, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Excessive alcohol consumption, chronic renal failure, cigarette smoking, obesity, medications.

Question 4

What is the fasting formula for measuring lipids:

Total Cholesterol:

VLDL Cholesterol:

Answer 4

Total cholesterol= HDL cholesterol + VLDL cholesterol + LDL cholesterol

VLDL Cholesterol: Triglycerides/5

Question 5

Old goals for Fasting Lipid Profile

Answer 5

They are basically what is going on in the

Question 6

CHD Equivalents

Answer 6

1. diabetes mellitus
2. symptomatic carotid artery disease
3. abdominal aortic aneurysm
4. multiple risk factors

Question 7

What are the major CHD factors other than LDL

Answer 7

They are smoking, hypertension, HDL <40 mg/dL, family history of premature CHD

Age:

men > 45 years , and women > 55 years old

Question 8

What is the formula for LDL?

Answer 8

It is LDL= tc-hdl- triglycerides/5

Question 9

What are the lipid screening guidelines for pediatrics vs adult?

Answer 9

Pediatrics: 2011 universal screening between 9-11 years of age before puberty

17-21 years of age

Adult: 20 years or older every 5 years

Question 10

What are the summary of ACC/AHA guidelines of 2013 changes

Answer 10

statins are preferred anti-hyperlipidemic and combinations are not recommended in most cases

Patients are risk stratified to high or low risk. Statin dose without the chasing of specific LDL cholesterol goals.

Framingham calculator is replaced with a new 10 year cardiovascular.

Question 11

What is the high intensity protocol?:

Answer 11

LDL cholesterol >190 mg/dl or known cardiovascular disease or other serious risk factor.

Diabetes Mellitus and age > 40-75 years old (10 year cardiovascular risk >7.5%)

Preparations:
Atorvastatin (Lipitor) : 40-80 mg

Rosuvastatin (Crestor) : 20- 40 mg daily

Question 12

Moderate Intensity Protocol:

Answer 12

Diabetes Mellitus and age > 40-75 years old (10 year cardiovascular risk >7.5%)

Preparations:
Atorvastatin (Lipitor) : 10-20 mg daily

Rosuvastatin (Crestor) : 5-10 mg daily

Question 13

Risk Factors

Answer 13

BMI 30 kg/m^2 or higher

Question 14

What is the metabolic syndrome pneumonic?:

Answer 14

H: hypertension
O: obesity
L: lipid disorders
D: diabetes

Question 15

Dyslipidemia Treatments

Answer 15

Do more eat less

Goal: High HDL, low LDL

Medications

Question 16

Anti-dyslipidemic treatment:

Answer 16

statins

bile acid sequesterants

nicotinic acid

fibric acid

adjuvant therapy