Lecture 43 and 44

Question 1

HRrEF

Answer 1

HF reduced ejection fraction –> failure of pumping mechanism

Systolic dysfunction

Question 2

HRmrEF

Answer 2

mid-range ventricular dysfunction LVEF–> 41% -49%

Question 3

HFeEF

Answer 3

HF preserved ejection fraction

diastolic dysfunction–> abnormal cardiac relaxation, stiffness, or filling; part of normal human aging

risk factor to developing HFpEF but these are not synonymous

Question 4

What are the different types of heart failure:

Answer 4

Cardiogenic HF: +acute cardiac event. PE: cool, mottled periphery, small volume pulse, cardiomegaly, +JCP, +S3, +systolic and diastolic murmurs

Non-cardiogenic:+underlying disease
PE: warm periphery, bounding pulse

Acute Decompensated HF:

Question 5

Heart Failure:

S/S:

Answer 5

When heart can’t pump enough blood and O2 to organs in the body

breathlessness due to +LVEDP –> pulmonary congestion –> pulmonary edema

Question 6

What is the cost of HF?

Answer 6

MC and expensive reason for preventable hospital stays.

Question 7

Risk factors with HF

Answer 7

CAD–> coronary heart disease

MI, DM, HTN, obesity, valvular heart disease,

smoking

Mask symptoms: hypothyroidism, CKD, CAD, DM, Anemia, Thyroid disorder, OSA, AFib, Valvular Disease

Question 8

What are HF physiological risk factors?

Answer 8

reduced pulmonary reserve

reduced cardiac reserve

Skeletal muscle dysfunction

Question 9

Ejection Fraction

Answer 9

amount of blood pumped out/ amount of blood in chamber

Question 10

Normal
Borderline
Reduced

Answer 10

Normal: 50-70%
Borderline: 41%-49%
Reduced: <40%

Question 11

HFeRF

Answer 11

HF of reduced ejection, systolic dysfunction

Question 12

HRmrEF

Answer 12

mid range ventricular dysfunction LVEF 41-49%

Question 13

HFpEF

Answer 13

preserved ejection fraction

Diastolic dysfunction abnormal cardiac relaxation, stiffness or filling, part of human human aging