E - Group Dynamics Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is a team?
A number of people who need to communicate with each other and work to some common objective or goal.
What are the different stages of Tuckman’s model of group development?
- Forming 2. Storming 3. Norming 4. Performing
What happens during the Forming stage of Tuckman’s model?
The team meets and agrees on basic goals.
They try to work out each others strengths and weaknesses.
Start to identify their roles within the group.
What characterises the Storming stage of Tuckman’s model?
Different ideas of what the team should be doing and possible conflicts.
May occur when teams are losing.
What occurs during the Norming stage of Tuckman’s model?
Individuals adjust their behavior to work effectively in the team.
Group cohesion develops and conflicts are resolved.
What is the focus during the Performing stage of Tuckman’s model?
The team members achieve the agreed objectives efficiently without conflict.
What is the Ringelmann effect?
As group size increases, individual effort decreases.
When does the Ringelmann Effect occur?
It occurs when people are not as accountable for their own performance, as they feel they can ‘hide’ behind other athletes.
What is social loafing?
Individuals not putting in 100% when working in a team-based situation.
What factors can cause social loafing?
Lack of identity
Low self-efficacy
Lack of motivation
Lack of recognition
Lack of group conformity
What are the two types of groups in sports psychology?
Interactive groups
Coactive groups
What is an interactive team?
A team that relies on members working together to achieve shared goals, for example basketball.
What is a coactive team?
A team where individuals achieve individual success to contribute to overall team success, for example gymnastics.
What personal factors influence cohesion in a group?
Demographics (age, gender, race)
Belief in the group
Motives
What environmental factors influence cohesion?
Location
Team ethos
Facilities
Type of sport (interactive/coactive)
What leadership factors can affect group cohesion?
Leadership styles
Communication styles
Relationships with players
What team factors can influence cohesion?
Longevity
Team identity
Specific roles
Understanding of goals
What is Carron’s model of cohesion?
A model suggesting that personal, environmental, leadership, and team factors affect cohesion.
How does cohesion relate to performance in sports?
Increase in performance correlates with an increase in cohesion.
What is the difference between autocratic and democratic leaders?
Autocratic leaders make decisions independently, while democratic leaders involve group members in decision-making.
What is an emergent leader?
A leader who comes from within a group.
What is a prescribed leader?
A leader appointed by a governing body or agency outside the group.
What is Chelladurai’s multidimensional model of sports leadership?
A model that considers the interaction between factors, leader behaviour and consequences.
What is task cohesion?
The degree to which members work together to achieve common goals and objectives.
