three components of inflammatory stage of wound healing
hemostasis, phagocytosis, autolysis, fibroblast migration
three components of proliferation stage of wound healing
collagen synthesis, angiogenesis, epithelialization, wound contraction
components of maturation stage of wound healing
collagen lysis, collagen replacement
a couple things that impede wound healing
smoking, infection, stretch/pressure, malnutrition other medications
chronic wound that is an Area of local tissue loss due to prolonged tissue compression between boney prominences and external surfaces
pressure sore
compression of tissues can cause blank
necrosis
stage of pressure sore with non blanchable erythema of intact skin
1
stage of pressure sore with full thickness skin loss including damage to subcutaneous tissue
3
stage of pressure sore with full thickness skin loss with destruction or damage to muscle, bone, or support structures
4
stage of pressure sore with partial thickness skin loss to epidermis, dermis, or both
2
chronic wound due to area of local tissue loss due to arterial blood supply deficiency
arterial insufficiency ulcers
chronic wound due to area of local blood loss due to deficiency in venous drainage
venous insufficiency ulcers
chronic wound that is an area of local tissue loss due to sensory neuropathy and arterial blood supply deficiency
diabetic ulcers
ionic movement electricity electrophysical effect
electrokinetic
example of electrokinetic effect
depolarizing excitable membrane
blank of charged particles produces heat
microvibration
high skin impedence blank thermal effect
increases
effect of wound healing that affects macrophages in the inflammatory phase, fibroblasts during proliferation, and myofibroblasts during maturation
galvanotaxis
types of currents for wound healing
low intensity dc, continuous dc, high volt pulsed, twin-peak monophasic pulse, rectangular monophasic pulse, biphasic pulse
outside of skin has blank charge
negative
inside of skin has blank charge
positive
with injury, outside of skin has blank charge
positive
with injury, inside of skin has blank charge
negative
blank is most normally used over wound, but blank is used if infected with staph aureus
cathode, anode
anode attracts blank and blank
macrophages, neutrophils
cathode attracts blank and stimulates these two
fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, keratinocytes
cathode will blank tissue
soften
anode will stimulate blank
epithelialization
wound healing protocol based on electrochemical response in tissues being stimulated
4
wound healing protocol based on type of healing clinician wants to induce
3
cathode blank blood flow
increases
anode blank blood flow via blank
decreases, vasoconstriction
ionized medication must be placed under electrode of blank charge
same
without iontophoresis, drug must be delivered via
passive diffusion
The introduction of medicinal ions into the body tissues by means of a low voltage direct electromotive force (DC current)
iontophoresis
iontophoresis occurs due to the electrostatic blank of an ion by a similarly charged electrode
repulsion
iontophoresis occurs due to increasing the permeability of the blank
stratum corneum
temporary production of water soluable pores in the skin
electroporation
as water is carried throught he skin, it can carry other objects dissolved in it along with it.
electroosmosis
current that produces a buildup of ions under the electrodes producing chemical reactions and altering skin pH
direct
negative electrode has blank ions which makes a blank reaction
sodium hydroxide, alkaline
positive electrode has blank ions which makes a blank reaction
hydrochloric acid, acidic
depth of penetration during iontophoresis
1-3 mm
depth of penetration after iontophoresis (12-24 hrs)
1.5 cm
conraindications of iontophoresis
metal near skin, recent scars, dvt
drug must be in blank state to blank
ionized, permeate skin
any blank can be used for iontophoresis
electrode
iontophoresis ion for calcium deposits
acetate
iontophoresis ion for sclerotic tissue
chloride, copper
iontophoresis ion for inflammation
dexamethason
ion for inflammation/plantar warts
salicylate
ion for scar
iodine
ion for edema reduction
hyaluronidase
ion for local anesthetic
lidocaine
ion for muscle relaxant/vasodilation
magnesium