what is “echolocation”?
- where animals make a “sound picture using sonar”
how is sound used in echolocation?
- sounds (clicks) bounce off objects
- brain then calculates the distance and direction
what are the three sections of the ear?
outer ear, middle ear, inner ear
what two things consist of the outer ear?
- pinna
- ear canal
what is the function of the ear pinna?
collects and focuses sound waves
what is the function of the ear canal?
- collects sound travelling from pinna
- contains wax secreting cells
what two things consist of the middle ear?
- ear drum
- ossicles
what is the ear drum known as?
“tympanic membrane”
what is the function of ear drum?
transmits vibrations from sound to the inner ear and acts as an amplifier
what are the ossicles?
three small bones found in the ear
what consists of the ossicles?
- hammer (malleus)
- anvil (incus)
- stirrup (stapes)
what is the hammer ossicle also known as?
the malleus
what is the anvil ossicle also known as?
the incus
what is the stirrup also known as?
the stapes
what is the ossicles function?
- bones vibrate due to the vibration of the ear drum
- then transmit vibrations to inner ear
what three things does the inner ear consist of?
- eustachian tube
- cochlea
- semicircular canals
what is the purpose of the eustachian tube?
connects the middle ear to the nose to equalise air pressure between them
what is the cochlea?
a coiled tube divided into three canals
what are the three canals in the cochlea called?
- vestibular canal
- medlan canal
- tympanic canal
what happens in the canals in the cochlea?
- filled with fluid to help maintain balance of the body
- as fluid moves, hair like cells move
what are the semicircular canals?
3 loops of canals filled with endolymph attached to the cochlea
