EC Quiz Flashcards
Name a few causes of cellular injury
irreversible injury to a cell leads to
chemical factors, ischemia, physical factors, genetic factors, immune reactions, nutritional factors
necrosis or apoptosis (cell death)
Apoptosis Vs Necrosis
Cell size, plasma membrane, adjacent inflammation
A: reduced cell size, plasma membrane is intact with altered structure, no adjacent inflammation
N: enlarged swelling of cell, plasma membrane is disrupted, frequent adjacent inflammation
Types of necrosis
coagulation, caseous, liquefactive, fatty, fibronoid
Types of reversible cell injury
and their causes (5)
atrophy: caused by lack of use or stress
hypertrophy: high BP
hyperplasia: imbalance of estrogen and progesterone
metaplasia: smoking
inter/intracellular cellular accumulation
Coagulation is a form of ______ caused by ____
what is it
necrosis, ischemia (lack of blood supply)
formation of a blood clot
What is a fibrinoid
A type of necrosis that is caused by trauma in blood vessel wall
fibrinolysis
fibrinogen
fibrin
ogin
the breakdown of fibrin in blood clots
a protein involved in forming and blood clot, made in the liver and forms fibrin
main protein in a blood clot that that helps stop bleeding and heal wounds
precursor
What makes cortisol
what is the purpose of cortisol
too much cortisol -
too little cortisol -
adrenal glands
body’s main stress hormone, control of sleep wake cycle and appetite
Cushing syndrome (weight gain and fatigue)
addison’s disease (weight loss and fatigue)
What secretes growth hormone
the 2 types of hyper growth hormone (compare and contrast onset)
the hormone that manages the effects of growth hormone the body
anterior pituitary gland
gigantism: childhood
acromegaly: adulthood
IGF - 1
Angina is ……., this has to do with …..
episodes of angina can be?
dyspnea
claudication
referred chest pain or discomfort, acute ischemic heart disease
silent
shortness of breathe
muscle pain due to lack of oxygen that is triggered by activity (peripheral ischemic response)
Stable angina
Unstable angina
angina is most common in?
Pain lasts a few minutes and occurs in a pattern, such as during exercise or stress.
Pain can be stronger or last longer than stable angina and does not follow a pattern.
woman
For cardiac concept the lower the heart rate the greater the _____ time this helps with
preload (EDV) is influenced by (4)
static standing is not good for the blood flow so what can solve that
filling
cardiac output
valves
vasoconstriction
respiratory pump
muscle pump
marching in place
EDV
ESV
If HR is 120 bpm how many seconds to fill up
60 bpm
flow rate
the less ___ remaining the greater the efficiency
Most common
Most deadly
after ventricle fills
after ventricle ejects blood
0.5
1
speed of flow back into the heart
ESV
diastolic
systolic
contractility of the heart
contractile strength is independent of
the relative ability of the heart to eject a stroke volume at a given afterload and preload
volume
Equation for EF (ejection fraction)
what is a good percentage
EDV-ESV / EDV x 100
120-40 = 80 /120 x 100 = 66.7% ejected
50-80 is normal
less than 50 is not good
