Quiz 3

Question 1

Addison’s disease is

what are the causes

symptoms

signs

management

Answer 1

primary adrenal insufficiency (decrease in cortisol) HYPO

autoimmune issues

fatigue, nausea, constipation

weight loss, hypotension

cortiocosteroid replacement or DHEA supplementation (hormone from the adrenal gland)

Question 2

Cushing’s Syndrome is

symptoms and signs

management

Answer 2

adrenal cortex adenoma (can be benign or malignant)

hypertension, obesity, anxiety, stroke, infertility

removal of cause (surgery or radiotherapy)
nutrition change
physical activity

Question 3

Functions of thyroid

Most common hyperthyroid disease

signs

management

Answer 3

regulates metabolism and growth

Graves disease

bulging eyes, redness, fatigue

surgery (thyroidectomy) or radiotherapy
antithyroid drugs

Question 4

Hypothyroidism is

symptoms

management

diagnosis

Answer 4

thyroid gland cannot make enough thyroid hormone to keep the body running normally

weight gain, bradycardia, constipation, puffy face

physical activity, T4 levothyroxine

through blood, CT, MRI

Question 5

BMR

RMR

RMR may be influenced by

Answer 5

the number of calories you burn as your body performs basic life sustaining function (stayed in bed all day)

^ with the inclusion of light activities such as eating, restroom, and walking

age, gender, blood size, temperature

Question 5

The 3 sections associated with potential of obesity

obesity may be influenced by

Answer 5

high energy intake, genetic disposition (50%, what genes are exposed), low energy expenditure

age, body size, hormones, gender

Question 6

Direct measurements of physical activity

indirect

Answer 6

pedometer, calorimetry

recall, questionnaires

Question 7

Leptin is

Leptins response to starvation (fat loss)
through the hypothalamus

Leptins response to obesity (fat gain) through the hypothalamus

Answer 7

hormone secreted through fat

increase appetite and parasympathetic tone
decreased sympathetic tone
decreased energy expenditure, heart rate and blood pressure

decreased appetite and parasympathetic tone
increased sympathetic tone
increased energy expenditure, heart rate and blood pressure

Question 7

Medical complications of obesity

Answer 7

hypertension
sleep apnea
lower back pain
type 2 DM
induces and insulin-resistance state
shallow breaths
woman may end up with more testosterone while men may end up with more estrogen
osteoarthritis

Question 8

Medical management or treatment of obesity

Answer 8

decrease energy intake (appetite suppressants)
decrease GI absorption
increase energy expenditure
sleeve gastrectomy

Question 9

Benefits of weight reduction

Answer 9

decreased BP
decreased risk of cancer
increase of blood glucose control

Question 10

Hyperthyroidism risks

how is it diagnosed

symptoms

Answer 10

high iodine exposure
pregnancy
nicotine

through blood, ultrasound, MRI

fatigue, weight loss, hair loss

Question 10

What controls the pituitary gland and central regulatory signals?

Answer 10

hypthalamus

Question 11

Diabetes meaning

Insipidus meaning

Mellitus meaning

polyphagia meaning

Answer 11

excessive urination

lacking flavor

pertaining to honey; carbohydrate metabolism

excessive hunger

Question 12

Type 1 DM

Type 2 DM

Answer 12

juvenile onset, insulin dependent

adult onset, non insulin dependent

Question 12

When blood sugar is low pancreas releases (hypoglycemia)

When blood sugar is high pancreas releases (hyperglycemia)

Answer 12

glucagon

insulin

Question 13

Critical Incretins

function?

Answer 13

GIP (gastric inhibitory peptide)
GLP-1 (glucagon like peptide -1)

protein hormones that modulate glucose metabolism

Question 14

Fasting glucose levels should be

Which level indicates DM

Answer 14

70-99 mg/dL

100-125 predm, 126 or above = dm

Question 15

Increased glucose uptake to have more GLUT 1 and 4 is done through the process of

Answer 15

translocation

Question 16

Causes of T2DM

medical complications

Answer 16

beta cell dysfunction
insulin resistance in periphery
hepatic dysregulation (increase in glucose production)

metabolic acidosis, blindness, hypertension , renal failure, MI

Question 16

Symptoms of hypoglycemia

of hyperglycemia

Answer 16

headache, blurred vision, hunger

thirst, weakness, abdominal pain

Question 16

Represents integrated index of blood glucose control over previous 60-90 days

predisposing factors of T2DM

Medical management of DM

Answer 16

Hemoglobin A1C testing

obesity, age, diet, inactivity (exercise has an insulin like effect)

nutrition, physical activity, exercise, diabetes prevention program

Question 17

Type of med management for T2DM

cautions when exercising

Answer 17

insulin pump, continuous glucose monitor

exercise at same time everyday, increase water intake, monitor blood glucose levels within 15 min before and after, never exercise alone

Question 18

In cholesterol which types of lipoproteins do we want more of?
Less of?
why?

Answer 18

High HDL - secreted with little to no fat
Low LDL - picks up extra fat and they stick around in circulation

Question 19

The #1 sold medication in the world The values for VLDL LDL HDL

Answer 19

Statin (prevents the making of cholesterol) <60 <90 <100

Question 20

The 3 types of cells Why are they important Bones start to degenerate more than they build up at what age for each gender (decrease in bone mineral density)

Answer 20

osteocytes, osteoblasts (build up), osteoclasts (breakdown) they are opposites that allow for homeostasis of the bone 30 for men, 35 for woman

Question 21

Tearing apart bone releases _____ into the bloodstream Which vitamin allows you to absorb it into the bloodstream IMPT allows for .... 1 in __ people are inadequate in vitamin D Common risk sights of bone loss

Answer 21

calcium Vitamin D more calcium to be put into the bloodstream 4.5 hips, wrists, spine

Question 22

Bone disorders Soft bone (dysfunction in blasts) -More reabsorption than laying down of bone -Sever density loss -Hardening of bones (too much blasts) Who is at the highest risk? 2/3 of the body's magnesium is in?

Answer 22

osteomalacia osteopenia osteoporosis osteopetrosis Women bone

Question 22

The primary types of heart disease the primary cause causes of ^

Answer 22

ischemic heart attack myotropic heart disease atherosclerosis (build up of fats and cholesterol in and on arterial wall) smoking, obesity, imbalance of HDL/LDL

Question 23

Blood flow (thus oxygen) is reduced in a certain area of body this is caused because Ischemic cascade what does ^ include

Answer 23

ischemia, supply does not meet demand progressive myocardial oxygen supply where demands cannot be met causes sequence of events diastolic dysfunction impaired systolic emptying ECG changes muscular changes (myocardium)

Question 23

Myocardial ischemia this can be caused by? Angina

Answer 23

blood flow to the heart is obstructed by a blockage of coronary artery by a build up atherosclerosis, or coronary artery disease (commonly) a symptom of MI (chest pain)

Question 24

A build up of plaque can be stable or unstable, if it is unstable .....

Answer 24

it is more prone to sudden rupture which is potentially life threatening

Question 25

True or False We all have atherosclerosis

Answer 25

True. It is only a problem when it becomes out of control

Question 26

Angina is ______ pain, this has to do with ..... episodes of angina can be? dyspnea claudication

Answer 26

referred pain, acute ischemic heart disease silent shortness of breathe muscle pain due to lack of oxygen

Question 27

Which type of MI is the largest.. it is also the most ______ The other type

Answer 27

Type 1 - blocked by thrombus, dangerous (most commonly leads to death over type 2) Type 2 - imbalance myocardial O2 supply vs demand

Question 28

Most common warning signs of a heart attack

Answer 28

pain, fullness or uncomfortable pressure in center of chest pain that spreads to throat or jaw dizziness

Question 28

Risk factors of CVD (modifiable vs nonmod)

Answer 28

smoking, HTN, obesity, Low HDL age, ethnicity