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Pathology > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Pathology refers to

What is studied?

What is examined?

A
  • the study of essential nature of disease
  • physical condition of the organism during the disease, direct observation of the symptoms of the disease
  • gross and microscopic examination of tissues, organs, and the whole body
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2
Q

Pathophysiology refers to

What is studied?

What is examined?

A
  • the study of disordered physiological processes associated with diseases
  • biochemical changes of the body, experimental measurements
  • levels of biochemical compounds such as sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, glucose, and creatinine
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3
Q

Pathogenesis refers to

A

process by which disease or disorder develops

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4
Q

COPD: emphysema is more common in which race?
It is more common in which gender?

A

White

Male

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5
Q

Small air sacs that where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place

A

alveoli

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6
Q

What is emphysema caused by?

A

smoking

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7
Q

oedema

A

build up of fluid in the body, that causes swelling of effected tissue (example pulmonary oedema build up of fluid that affects lungs, causing shortness of breath)

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8
Q

An enlarged right ventricle in your heart that caused by a lung condition

A

cor pulmonale

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9
Q

the imbalance of lipids such as cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, (LDL-C), triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)

A

dyslipidemia

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10
Q

Healthy triglycerides levels are

Healthy cholesterol levels are

A

below 150

below 200

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11
Q

Acute vs chronic

A

Acute: develop suddenly and last a short amount of time (ex asthma attack)
Chronic: develop slowly and can worsen over time (ex ALS)

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12
Q

What falls between acute and chronic?

A

subacute

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13
Q

Field, area and primary agents of
disease, illness, and sickness

A

disease: profession, MEDICAL, and other health care professions
illness: PERSONAL (experimental/existential)
sickness: SOCIETY, social, institutions, health policy makers, lawyers

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14
Q

Disease definition

A

biological or physiological alteration (ex heart or renovascular disease)

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15
Q

Disorder definition

A

It is an indication that disease is possible, but there is not enough clinical evidence to treat it as a whole (anxiety or bulimia disorder)

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16
Q

Syndrome definition

A

group of symptoms (and signs) associated with a disease or disorder (ex down or carpal tunnel syndrome)

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17
Q

Disability definition

A

condition of body or mind that makes it more difficult to perform activities and interact with the world around
(ex a difficulty seeing or speaking)

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18
Q

A structural disease, disorder, or syndrome means it is

A functional disease, disorder, or syndrome means there are no

A

felt and seen, a physical change within the body (ex an organ looks abnormal

there are no visible alterations

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19
Q

3 aspects of disability

A

Impairment, activity limitation, participation restriction

20
Q

Impairment defintion

A

limitation occurs in a persons body structure or mental functioning (loss of limb, or memory loss)

21
Q

Activity limitation definition

A

limitation involves a difficulty in seeing, hearing, walking and problem solving

22
Q

Participation limitation definition

A

limitation occurs in normal daily activities such as working, engaging in social and recreational activities, and obtaining health care and preventative services

23
Q

The 6 domains of cognitive functioning

VASELL

A

Executive functions (planning, reasoning)
Social cognition/emotions (self control)
Attention/ concentration (divided and selective attention)
Language (fluency and grammar)
Learning and memory (delayed and verbal memory)
Visuospatial and motor function (visual perception)

24
Q

Functional disability refers to

Clinical disability refers to

A

memory, attention, comprehension

autism, down syndrome

25
Q

Nonhereditary myositis ossificans

A

When the body creates new bone cells during the healing process after you are injured, lesion usually resolves itself if it is left untreated (but it can continue to grow)

commonly occurs after trauma to a muscle or broken bone

26
Q

The study of how biologic and environmental signals determine gene expression

A

epigenetics

27
Q

Preventable differences in burden of disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to achieve optimal health

A

Health disparities

28
Q

Social determinants of health

A

Health care system, food, education, social context, neighborhood/ physical environment, economic stability

29
Q

What is urban planning?

What are the elements of it?

A

being thoughtful about how we develop a community “a built environment” and how they support human activity

schools, grocery stores, parks, streets

30
Q

Will treatment work if someone does not believe in it?

What elements should be considered in regards to physiological self regulation and health?

A

NO

support/ counseling, overall health, spiritual connection, healing potential

31
Q

Pain is a massive modulator of …?

A

Treatment

31
Q

Name a few common chronic pain conditions

A

arthritis
causalgia
cancer
persistent neck/back pain
fibromyalgia syndrome

32
Q

Nociceptors are

A

sensory receptors for painful stimuli

33
Q

Nociceptors are activated by (6) ….

A

neural factors, mechanical pressure, temperature, hormones, byproducts, cytokines

34
Q

Other considerations for physiological self regulation (specific conditions)

A

trauma, depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, disordered eating

35
Q

Psychological eating disorders are anxiety about ?

Social eating disorders involve

A

Appearance

Cultural and family pressures

36
Q

A disease that occurs when the body’s own immune system attacks your own tissues and organs

A

Lupus

37
Q

Problems that may effect multiple systems in the body in regards to adverse drug events

A

adverse reactions, side effects, drug-drug interaction, overdoses, multiple meds

38
Q

Common symptoms of adverse drug events

A

acne, eczema, blisters, itching/burning

39
Q

Leading causes of death in the US

A

CVD, Cancer, Covid, unintentional injuries

40
Q

Examples of epigenetic modulation

A

1 DNA methylation
2 Histone modification
3 RNA silencing

41
Q

Genotype vs phenotype

A

G: the genetic makeup of an organism
Ph: observable physical properties of an organism (appearance and what you actually show)

42
Q

What is tonic inhibition and its association with chronic pain

A

reduces the excitability of neurons, it inhibits ( restricts) pain

43
Q
A
44
Q
A

Pathology (13 decks)

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