Ecogy

Question 1

define ecosystem

Answer 1

community of all living organisms in a shared environment

Question 2

what is a habitat?

Answer 2

place where organism lives

Question 3

what is a population 👯

Answer 3

all the organisms of one species in a habitat

Question 4

what’s a community 💒

Answer 4

all the populations of diff species in a habitat

Question 5

what’s interdependence

Answer 5

species depend on each other
food , shelter , pollination , seed dispersal

Question 6

4 examples abiotic factors

Answer 6

light intensity, temperature, moisture levels, soil Ph

Question 7

4 examples biotic factors

Answer 7

availability of food, new predators, new pathogens, competition

Question 8

what effect can a change in abiotic factors have

Answer 8

population sizes
less light= less photosynthesis= fewer plants

Question 9

what are structural adaptations

Answer 9

features of an organisms body :
thick fur, large surface area

Question 10

what are behavioural adaptations

Answer 10

actions organisms can take to survive
migration, nocturnal activity

Question 11

what are functional adaptations

Answer 11

internal processes eg.
hibernation
lowered metabolism
concentrated urine in desert animal

Question 12

what’s an extremophile ?

Answer 12

organism that lives in extreme environments like high temperatures

Question 13

what a producer

Answer 13

organism makes its own food
using sunlight

Question 14

what’s a primary consumer

Answer 14

an animal that eats producers

Question 15

what’s a secondary consumer

Answer 15

eats primary consumers

Question 16

what’s a predator

Answer 16

an animal that hunts and eats other animals

Question 17

what’s a prey

Answer 17

animal eaten by predator

Question 18

why is biomass lost at each tropic level

Answer 18

respiration, waste, movement, not all parts of organism eaten

Question 19

how much is e typically transferred to next level

Answer 19

around 10%

Question 20

how to calc biomass transfer efficiency

Answer 20

(e transferred/ total e available) x100

Question 21

what processes in water cycle?

Answer 21

evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, percolation

Question 22

what’s transportation

Answer 22

water loss from plant leaves through stomata

Question 23

4 key processes in carbon cycle

Answer 23

photosynthesis
respiration
combustion
decomposition

Question 24

what returns carbon to atmosphere

Answer 24

respiration
combustion
decay

Question 25

what conditions make decay happen quicker

Answer 25

warm, moist, aerobic conditions (oxygen rich)

Question 26

what do decomposes do

Answer 26

break down dead organisms return minerals to soil and release CO2

Question 27

what’s compost used for

Answer 27

natural fertiliser for crops and garden s

Question 28

what’s biogas

Answer 28

methane produced by anaerobic decay of waste

Question 29

why must biogas generators be airtight

Answer 29

maintain anaerobic conditions

Question 30

what’s biodiversity

Answer 30

variety of diff species in ecosystem

Question 31

why is high biodiversity important

Answer 31

makes ecosystems more stable and resilient

Question 32

how do humans reduce biodiversity

Answer 32

deforestation, pollution, global warming, habitat destruction

Question 33

what’s deforestation used for

Answer 33

farming, logging, building, make space for cattle or crops like palm oil

Question 34

what types of pollution affect ecosystems

Answer 34

water pollution (sewage), air pollution ( sulfur dioxide) , land pollution ( landfill, pesticides)

Question 35

what’s eutrophication?

Answer 35

nutrient build up in water leading to algae growth, oxygen depletion and fish death

Question 36

what causes global warming

Answer 36

increased greenhouse gases like CO2 and methane

Question 37

3 effects global warming

Answer 37

rise in sea levels changes in migration patterns loss of biodiversity

Question 38

how can we maintain biodiversity

Answer 38

breeding programmes, protected habitats , reforestation, reducing waste and emissions

Question 39

what’s food security

Answer 39

having enough food to feed worlds population

Question 40

what threatens food security

Answer 40

population growth, climate change, pests , conflict, cost of farming

Question 41

how can food production be made more efficient

Answer 41

use shorter food chains, controlling temperature and movement in animal farming

Question 42

how can fishing be made sustainable

Answer 42

net size limits, fishing quotas, seasonal restrictions

Question 43

what’s mycoproteins

Answer 43

high protein meat substitutes using fungi grown in controlled fermenters

Question 44

what’s indicator in decay practical

Answer 44

phenolphthalein

Question 45

decay practical

Answer 45

1. label test tubes 2. add milk, phenolphthalein and sodium carbonate to make solution alkaline 3. place test tubes in water bath diff temps 4. add lipase enzyme to each test tube 5. record time for them to be colourless 6. repeat experiment three times

Question 46

how does more nitrate affect plant yield

Answer 46

increases to an optimum excess can reduce yield

Question 47

benefits negatives nitrate fertilisers

Answer 47

+higher yield +food supply - cost , pollution

Question 48

compare aerobic and anaerobic

Answer 48

aerobic uses oxygen anaerobic doesn’t use oxygen anaerobic produce la-> cramp aerobic produce lots of ATP/ e anaerobic produce less 😖

Question 49

what’s mitosis

Answer 49

asexual reproduction cell division - 2 gen ide cells repare and growth tissues replace