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Hoemeostatis Flashcards

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1
Q

what is homeostasis

A

regulate internal conditions of cell/organism
maintaining optimum for function
in response to internal/external changes

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2
Q

what are 3 things controlled in the human body

A

blood glucose concentration
body temperature
water levels

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3
Q

2 nervous system consitis of (2)

A

CNS central = brain +spinal cord
peripheral = nerve cells carry info to + from CNS

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4
Q

nervous system flowchart

A

stimulus——> receptor——> sensory neurone——> CNS+relay ——> motor neurone ——> effector ——> response

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5
Q

what’s a neurone + 3 types

A

neurone = nerve cell
sensory = send electrical impulses to relay neurone in spinal cord
relay= connect sensory and motor
motor= sends electrical impulses to effector

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6
Q

why do we have reflex arcs

A

automatic+ rapid response to stimulus
prevent damage to body from harmful cond

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7
Q

what’s receptor

A

something that detects stimuli ( change in env)

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8
Q

stimulus

A

heat touch pain

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9
Q

what are neurones

A

nerve cells, specialised nerve o carry electrical impulses
what is a nerve= bundle of neurones
types= s,r,m
structure of neurone=

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10
Q

what’s a synapse

A

small gap where 2 neurones meet

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11
Q

what happens at the synapse

A
  1. electrical impulse travels along the 1st axon
  2. triggers nerve ending-> release neurotransmitter
  3. chemical diffuses across synapse
  4. binds specificreceptor on 2nds neurone membrane
  5. stimulates 2nd neurone to transmit electrical impulse
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12
Q

what’s a nt

A

chem messenger crosses synapse

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13
Q

what’s coodination centre

A

brain and spinal cord, receives and processes info from receptors

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14
Q

what are effectors

A

being about responses
muscles—-> contract
glands——-> secrete hormones

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15
Q

what part of body isn’t revolved in reflexes. and why???!!!

A

conscious brain—-> reflex is automatic+ rapid

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16
Q

neurones function + adaption

A

carry electrical impulses

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17
Q

neurone cell components

A

nucleus
cytoplasm
cell membrane
dendrons+ dendrites = branched receive impulses
long axon + myelin sheath = insulated + carry messages
nerve ending = communicate next neurone

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18
Q

examples of sense organs + stimulus

A

skin= touch,temp,pain
eyes= light
nose= chemicals 👃
ear= sound + position of head
tounge = chem

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19
Q

what’s a synapse

A

small gap where 2 neurones meet

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20
Q

what’s special bout receptors

A

bind to specific neurotransmitter

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21
Q

reflex experiment sources of error

A

human error in timing
hand positioning
distractions

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22
Q

reflex experiment improvements

A

blind test= person unaware
computer based technology
remove bias x

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23
Q

what is a hormone

A

chemical substance
produced by glands
carried in bloodstream
alters activity of specific target organ
destroyed by liver after use

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24
Q

hormones vs nerves

A

type of signal=
h=chemical n= electrical
transmission
h= bloodstream n= neurones
effectors=
h=target cells n= muscle/ glands
response=
h=chem change n= contract\secrete
speed=
h= slower n= rapid
duration=
h= long n= short

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25
Adh source organ role effects
comes from pituarty gland——> kidneys——> controls water content of blood——> increases reabsorpbitipn of water by collecting ducts
26
Adrenaline source organ role effects
adrenal gland-> resp/circ systems -> prepared for flight or fight increases breathing rate increases heart rate flow of blood to muscles conversion of glycogen to glucose
27
insulin source organ role effects
pancreas -> liver -> controls blood glucose levels glucose—-> glycogen storage
28
thyroxine source and control (4)
thyroid gland stimulates ur basal metabolic rate for growth and development control by negative feedback
29
what gland is the master
pituitary in brain= secretes several hormones into blood-> act + stim other glands -> release hormones
30
location and hormones release by 6 human glands
pituarty= master several thyroid thyroxine pancreas insulin adrenal glands= addenaline tested/ ovaries= oestrogen/testosterone
31
what is a negative feedback loop
process that counteracts changes to maintain stability
32
what is positive feedback loop
process that amplifies changes contractions
33
2 hormones that regulate blood glucose
insulin glucagon role of insulin lowers blood glucose increases glucose uptake into cells glycogen storage in liver and muscles
34
role of glucagon
increase blood glucose stimulates liver: convert glycogen -> glucose -> release bloodstream
35
explain the regulation of blood glucose concentration
insulin decreases conc increases glucose uptake into cells increase glycogen storage liver + muscles glucagon increases glucose stimulates liver convert glycogen -> glucose -> release bloodstream negative feedback system = maintains narrow range
36
hormones in menstrual cycle
oestrogen progesterone LH FSH
37
FSH function and gland
stimulates ovarian follicles to mature pituitary
38
LH function
triggers ovulation + stimulates corpus luteum to produce progesterone pituarty
39
Oestrogen function
thicken uterus lining+ inhibits FSH ovaries
40
Progesterone function
maintains uterine longing -> for potential prey
41
testorenter one function
stimulates speeds prod development of M characteristics
42
what is IVF
fertilise egg with sperm outside body implant embryo into uterus
43
risk of fertility treatments
chance of multiple births—> you could die
44
how are thyroxine levels detected
low: hypothalamus stimulated releases TRH -> pituitary release TSH thyroid releases more thryoxine -> return normal normal : inhibit TRH + TSH -> maintain
45
pancreas role in glucose hokeostatis
high blood glucose -> pancreas secretes insulin insulin converts glucose -> glycogen decreases
46
what is diabetes
blood glucose levels stay high type 1 diabetes= pancreas fails to produce enough insulin, young inject insulin monitor levels throughout day, diet and activity type
47
How does exercising help diabetics
increase demand glucose for respiration in muscles decrease glucose levels
48
type 2 diabetes definition
cells no longer respond insulin older ppl low carb diet (digested glucose) + exercise
49
what is the menstrual cycle
avg 28 days uterus lining prepared for pregnancy No implantation of fertilised egg Lining is shed
50
what does fsh do
stops egg maturing
51
Egg cycle HAHAHAHAHA
fsh-egg matures-lh-progesterone-PREGANT OR PERIOD
52
what hormones r in da pill
Oestrogen progesterone inhibits fsh- eggs can’t mature
53
pros and cons of contraception
condom= easy, quick/ tear iud coil= up to ten years speridinciacl= allergy surgical= permanent
54
what hormones do fertility drugs have
Fsh LH
55
how do fertility drugs work
contains FSH + LH stimulat eggs to mature = increase chance of pregnancy increases chance of twins/triplets -> higher risk complications eg= premature, underweight baby
56
how does IVF work
give mother FSH+ LH -> stimulate several eggs to mature eggs collected + fertilised by sperm in a lab dish develop into embryo 1-2 embryos inserted back into womb
57
advantages of IVF
ppl can have their own baby safe embryos can be screened for genetic disease unused eggs can be used = research drug side effects= flushes headaches unethical ppl want designer babies unethical unused embryos destroyed
58
how does fertility change with age
after 43
59
other forms of hormonal contraception
coil implant skin patches injections oral pill 😜
60
non-hormonal contraception types
physical barrier= sperm can’t reach egg IUD coil= prevent implantation of embryo/ release hormone spermicidal agents= kill sperms surgical sterilisation
61
what happens if thyroxine is low
stimulates hypothalamus releases TRH stimulates pituitary- releases TSH stimulates thyroid - thyroxine
62
negative feedback
tell brain DONT WANT ANYMORE lots of thyroxine no stimulating
63
type 1 diabetes
pancreas doesn’t produce insulin high level glucose levels young man
64
what’s glucose
simple sugar monomer cells use for resp
65
type 2 diabetes
no longer respond to insulin controlled w exercise older related to obesity
66
what’s glucagon
low glucose convert glycogen to glucose makes the glucose levels higher
67
negative feedback
hormone presence inhibits further production of
68
where body temp controlled
hypothalamus

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