economy under lenin and stalin

Question 1

Lenin’s early decrees encouraging collective ownership of resources and their problems

Answer 1

oct 1917 - abolished private ownership of land
november - recognised worker’s control in factories

workers failed to organise factories efficiently and output shrank. some helped themselves to unsustainable pay rises leading to high inflation

Question 2

repression used in war communism

Answer 2

food requisitioning by force, kulaks labelled as enemies of the people, entire stocks seized, cheka used extensively

Question 3

war communism as a fast track route to socialism

Answer 3

destroys bourgeoise attitudes
bourgeoise have lower rations
while ‘poor’ and ‘moderately poor’ regarded as allies of the people

Question 4

failures of war communism

Answer 4

in 1921, total industrial output fell to 20 percent of pre-war levels
diseases such as cholera and dysentery increased, causing death of more than 3 million in 1920

Question 5

what did the NEP do

Answer 5

allowed private owner ship of land, and smaller businesses
produce returned to 1913 levels
in 1926

scissors crisis - agriculture increased but lack of industry encouraged peasants to hold back and save thier goods instead of saving it

Question 6

collectivisation successes and fails

Answer 6

by march1930 58 percent of peasant households collectivised

so much hostility that slowed down from oct 1930 onwards
dekulakisation removed c10 million of the most successful farmers
20 - 30 percent of grain and livestock destroyed
grain output did not exceed pre collectivisation levels until after 1935
estimated 52 percent of veg, 70 percent of meat and 71 percent of milk produced in private plots

Question 7

how did lenin gain central control

Answer 7

railways banks merchant fleet putilov iron works, all nationalised
previously enjoyed freedom lost
terrible famine 1921 population 170. 9 million - 130. 9 million