State of Russia in wartime

Question 1

Initial patriotism facts

Answer 1

• strike activity ceased
  extremists imprisoned for lacking patriotism
  duma dissolved itself, not wanting to burden the country with unnecessary politics
  st petersburg - petrograd
  vast army assembled

Question 2

key early defeats

Answer 2

battle of tannenburg 19144, 300,000 died
Masurian lakes 1914

Question 3

stuff that the government did that made them look bad

Answer 3

Nicholas made himself commander in chief of navy and army
German wife and rasputin
Instability from constant changes in ministers
suspended sittings of the duma despite demands to establisg a government of public confidence

Question 4

stuff the zemstva did to look good

Answer 4

claimed gov. insensitive to needs, e.g. prohibition of alcohol
“union of zemstva” provided medical facilities
factory owners established a congress of representatives of industry to co ordinate production

Question 5

military issues

Answer 5

unable to provide for the 15m mobilised men
lack of suitable weaponry warm clothing or footwear
1914 2/3 rifles
1915 2 or 3 shells per day
serious lack of experienced officers
1916 1.5 million desertions

Question 6

economic issues

Answer 6

spending on war rose from 1500 million roubles in 1914 to 14500 million in 1918
poland and other parts of western russia overrun by germans
naval blockades of baltic and black sea ports
railway locomotive production halved 1913 - 1916
non military factories closed
some did well in countryside, relieved from competition due to conscription

Question 7

strikes and thier relation to economic issues

Answer 7

14th feb 1917 news that bread would be rationed brought violent exchanges and 100,000 workers from 58 different factories went on strike in Petrograd.

26th feb mutiny began in volynski regiment involving 66,000 soldiers with 40,000 rifles when tsar tried to restore order with military force

aniversary of bloody sunday led 105,000 workers to protest

24th feb 200,000 workers on strike overturning tsarist statues, and by the 25th petrograd at a standstill. 28th nicholas offers to share power with duma

Question 8

terms of order no.1

Answer 8

officers not to address soldiers in the ‘ty’ form
all soldiers to enjoy full citizens rights when off duty
all units to elect a deputy to the soviet and agree to the political control of the petrograd soviet.